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821.
Although child neglect and substance abuse co-occur in greater than 60% of child protective service cases, intervention outcome
studies are deplorably lacking. Therefore, a home-based Family Behavior Therapy is described in the treatment of a woman evidencing
child neglect, substance dependence, domestic violence and other co-occurring problems. Treatment included contingency management,
self control, stimulus control, communication and child management skills training exercises, and financial management components.
Results indicated improvements in child abuse potential, home hazards, domestic violence, and drug use, which were substantiated
by objective urinalysis testing, and tours of her home. Validity checks indicated the participant was being truthful in her
responses to standardized questionnaires, and assessors were “blind” to study intent. Limitations (i.e., lack of experimental
control and follow-up data collection) of this case example are discussed in light of these results. 相似文献
822.
Marieke Van de Rakt Stijn Ruiter Nan Dirk De Graaf Paul Nieuwbeerta 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2010,26(3):371-389
Criminal behavior of parents substantially affects the criminal behavior of children. Little is known, however, about how
crime is transmitted from one generation to the next. In order to test two possible explanations against each other, we pose
the question whether the timing of the criminal acts of fathers is important for children’s chances of committing crime. Static
theories predict that it is the number of delinquent acts performed by fathers that is important, and that the particular
timing does not affect the child’s chance of committing crime. Dynamic theories state that the timing is important, and children
have a greater chance of committing crime in the period after fathers have committed delinquent acts. Results show that the
total number of convictions of a father is indeed very important, but also the exact timing is key to understanding intergenerational
transmission of crime. In the year a father is convicted the chance his child is also convicted increases substantially and
it decays in subsequent years. This decay takes longer the more crimes father has committed. Our results show that some of
the assumptions of the static theories at least need to be adjusted. 相似文献
823.
The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty has suspended discussions over the release of a EU PNR processing system. Plans to introduce an intra-EU PNR processing system initiated since 2007, although strongly supported by the Commission and the Council, did not bear fruit before the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty and the, institutional, involvement of the Parliament. While discussions have been suspended since October 2009 and most probably a new draft proposal will be produced, it is perhaps useful to present in brief the proposal currently in place so as to highlight its shortcomings for European data protection and suggest ways individual protection may be strengthened in future drafts. 相似文献
824.
Spanish legislation against trafficking in human beings: punitive excess and poor victims assistance
Francisco Javier De León 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2010,54(5):381-409
The article seeks to provide a perspective of human trafficking as one of the fastest growing criminal activities of the last
few years in the area of organised crime and one that affects human beings’ most basic rights. In the main, the response to
the problem has been its criminal prosecution, but without tackling the issues of need that underlie this conduct and which
the traffickers take advantage of to abuse, assail and exploit the people they traffic. In this context, the evolution of
Spanish legislation in terms of the criminalisation of this problem has made it one of the most repressive, although there
is no clear evidence of its effectiveness. This punishment, which covers a wide range of criminal conducts, has not however
been accompanied by any policies to support and integrate the victims of trafficking, which has led to a large number of victims
being subjected to slavery who, in the majority of cases, fall under the control of the trafficking networks again. 相似文献
825.
Charis N. Papacharalambous 《Law and Critique》2010,21(1):53-72
The subject is the bearer of the sovereign decision, according to C. Schmitt. This decision grounds on certain situational pragmatics, yet mainly is born out of a ‘null’; as the decision forms the political normalcy that follows after, it displays its nature as an ‘event’. This subject is simultaneously a legal and a political one; it is the founder of the Nomos. This founding subject has been eclipsed in alignment with its post-modernly acclaimed ‘death’. The subject is deemed to have been inherently divided, as long as its identity steadily postpones itself, is incessantly ‘differing’, according to the deconstructionist approach; or it is considered as fundamentally ‘passive’, meaning not so much ‘weak’, but rather dethroning the Western preoccupation with the active autonomous individual; or, it is maintained but intrinsically reversed, now held either as part of a fundamental ontological order and indirectly of the nature (Agamben), or, opposite to Kantian assumptions, as primarily captured in a radical heteronomy, which constitutes it as a proper ethical subject (Levinas). Crucial is how to develop a concept taking into account the eventfulness of the constitution of the subject, without effacing the political character of such constitution by reducing it to non-political discourses, i.e., to metaphysics, morals or economics; how to conceive of Derrida’s ‘democracy to-come’ as political event, namely both as secular act and in the same time as referring to extramundane fundaments (to a ‘political theology’?); how to go beyond the linearity of the liberalist ideology by equating the political event with a messianic miracle ‘without messianism’; how to ‘salute’ democracy? 相似文献
826.
N. Türküler Isiksel 《European Law Journal》2010,16(5):551-577
This article takes stock of the emerging scholarship on the European Court of Justice's 2008 Kadi decision and seeks to make sense of the court's apparent evasiveness towards international law. The article argues that Kadi is best understood as an act of civil disobedience prompted by the UN Security Council's misapplication of foundational principles of the international order. In turn, the court's forceful articulation of the stakes in this case signals a prioritisation of basic rights within the supranational constitutional architectonic. In this respect, the ‘domestic’ constitutional implications of Kadi are just as far reaching as its consequences for the EU's status as an actor under international law. 相似文献
827.
Leo J.C. Peschier B.Sc. Michiel M.P. Grutters Ph.D. Jeanet N. Hendrikse M.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(2):420-430
The characteristic that discriminates gasoline from other ignitable liquids is that it contains high‐octane blending components. This study elaborates on the idea that the presence of gasoline in fire debris samples should be based on the detection of known high‐octane blending components. The potential of the high‐octane blending component alkylate as a characteristic feature for gasoline detection and identification in fire debris samples is explored. We have devised characteristic features for the detection of alkylate and verified the presence of alkylate in a large collection of gasoline samples from petrol stations in the Netherlands. Alkylate was detected in the vast majority of the samples. It is demonstrated that alkylate can be detected in fire debris samples that contain traces of gasoline by means of routine GC‐MS methods. Detection of alkylate, alongside other gasoline blend components, results in a more solid foundation for gasoline detection and identification in fire debris samples. 相似文献
828.
Economists, sociologists, and legal scholars agree that intellectual‐property law is fundamental to markets because legal control over copying motivates creative production. But in many markets, such as fashion and databases, there is little or no intellectual‐property protection, yet producers still create innovative products and earn profits. Research on such “negative spaces” in intellectual‐property law reveals that social norms can constrain copying and support creative production. This insight guided our analysis of markets for American literature before the Civil War, in both magazines (a negative space, where intellectual‐property law did not apply) and books (a positive space, where intellectual‐property law did apply). We observed similar understandings of authors and similar commercial practices in both spaces because many authors published the same work in both spaces. Based on these observations, we propose that cultural elements that develop in positive spaces may spill over to related negative spaces, inducing changes in buyers' and sellers' behavior in negative spaces. Our historical approach also revealed nuances—shades of gray—beyond the sharp distinction typically drawn between negative and positive spaces. In the 1850s, a few large‐circulation magazine publishers began to claim copyright, but many still allowed reprinting and none litigated to protect copyright. 相似文献
829.
Gerard N. Magliocca 《Law & social inquiry》2018,43(1):267-281
This essay on Madison's Hand: Revising the Constitutional Convention, Mary Bilder's revisionist account (2016) of James Madison's Notes on the Constitutional Convention argues that her central thesis, which is that Madison substantially revised the Notes long after the Convention adjourned, is groundbreaking but will have no effect on constitutional law. Madison's Hand is groundbreaking because the book yields many powerful insights into the deliberations of the Convention and into the evolution of Madison's thought. Nevertheless, constitutional practice in the Supreme Court and among elite lawyers is so divorced from the Notes that even a dramatic shift in their interpretation will not disturb the evolution of judicial doctrine applying the text written in 1787. 相似文献
830.
In this paper we compare the relationship between a firm’s innovation capital and the likelihood that a firm will commercialize an invention. Our index of innovation capital is the product of the firm’s human capital, social capital, and reputational capital. We find from our empirical experiment, which uses Small Business Innovation Research data, that innovation capital is a statistically more important entrepreneurial input to the innovation output of commercialization than any of its components. 相似文献