Implementing Change in an Urban School District: A Case Study of the Reorganization of the Little Rock School District

In July 2005, the Little Rock, Arkansas, school district implemented a new policy to reorganize its management structure in order to create a more efficient bureaucracy. Using Richard Matland’s ambiguity‐conflict model of policy implementation, the authors examine the implementation of this school reorganization policy. Interviews and surveys were conducted with the superintendent and his executive assistants, school principals, teachers, and staff. In line with Matland’s model, the findings suggest that successful implementation is directly related to the policy characteristics of ambiguity and conflict. However, the authors point to the importance of recognizing particular characteristics for different groups of stakeholders within the policy implementation process. Discrepancies among groups of policy actors in the degree of policy ambiguity and policy conflict lead to strikingly different implementation strategies.     

中外检察机关职权运行关系比较

各国不同层级检察机关之间的职权运行关系可以分为四种类型,国家结构和检察首长任免机制决定和影响了这种关系的具体表现形态。检察首长、部门主管和办案检察官之间的职权运行关系可以分为三种类型,上司领导下属、检察一体是这一关系的共有特征。我国检察机关在职权运行的内部分工协作上还应进一步加强。     

我们凭什么取得商标权——商标权取得模式的中间道路

商标权注册取得模式已成为主流,它取代商标权使用取得模式具有必然性,因为它更利于经营者取得和保护商标权,更符合现代商业发展规律,也更契合商标权的对世权属性.然而,注册取得模式在理论上违背了传统商标理论,在实践中导致"垃圾商标"泛滥成灾,是造成我国商标审查效率低下和商标使用秩序混乱的罪魁祸首.我国<商标法>在第三次修改时,应吸收注册取得和使用取得模式的精髓并避免其缺陷,采取"使用+注册"的商标权取得模式.     

行政法与行政效率关系的辩证思考

行政法以规范行政关系为其内容。在行政法的研究中,行政效率问题是人们理应重视而常常忽视的一个问题。行政法与行政权关系的代表性理论有管理论、控权论、平衡论三种,这些理论从不同侧面反映出行政法的价值目标。行政法同行政效率不是一种相互排斥的关系,而是具有一种正相关的关系。     

美国专利商标局公众专利评议计划评介

介绍美国专利商标局实施的一项公众专利评议计划,并对这种借助外部专家力量提高专利审查质量的做法及其产生的效果进行了分析和探讨。结合我国实际情况,提供了一种借鉴“公众专利评议”的可操作性方案。     

《行政复议实施条例》的创新与不足——以行政复议和解与行政复议调解为视角

《行政复议实施条例》在许多方面体现了创新和实用的特点,对我国行政救济制度的发展起到了一定的推动作用。但由于层级所限制,该条例并未完全回应长期以来理论和实务界对我国行政复议制度改革的要求。在对和解及调解的规定上,有突破,亦有不足,具体表现在适用范围、效力、程序、救济等方面。     

Blood group frequencies of the population of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies.

The results of grouping tests performed on blood samples collected over a five-year period at the Trinidad and Tobago Forensic Science Centre are presented. The samples were tested using the ABO, PGM, EAP and GLO blood group systems. Phenotypic frequencies and allele frequencies for each system were calculated for the two major ethnic groups of the population, the African and East Indian. Matching probabilities, which can be used in the interpretation of physical evidence in forensic cases, were also calculated.