浅析哲学观对中西译论的影响

中西翻译理论有着明显的差异,归究其原因我们可以从历史、语言、文化、习俗、思维方式等的区别中找到答案,其中,思维方式的差异对于译论的影响尤为重大.思维方式是指人们进行特定的哲学研究所选择和具有的思维类型或思维模式,它是哲学观的来源.探讨哲学观对译论的影响很大程度上可以从中西哲学思维的差异来揭示中西译论相异的根源.由此能够更好地回答如何看待中国传统的翻译理论这一问题.     

Associations of Participation in Service Activities with Academic, Behavioral, and Civic Outcomes of Adolescents at Varying Risk Levels

Youth who participate in service activities differ from those who do not on a number of key demographic characteristics like socio-economic status and other indicators of risk; and most studies demonstrating positive outcomes among service participants employ small non-representative samples. Thus, there is little evidence as to whether the outcomes associated with service participation are similar among students with varying levels of risk. The National Household Education Survey of 1999, a large nationally representative cross-sectional data set that focused on community service, was analyzed to investigate associations between the risk status of 4,306 adolescent students (50.2% female; 63.3% European American, M age?=?15.9), their participation in community service, and their academic adjustment, behavioral problems, and civic knowledge. Because adolescents who participate in service differ from those who do not with respect to demographic characteristics, propensity score analyses were used to correct for potential selection bias in the examination of these relationships. Analyses tested competing theoretical models of service??protective versus compensatory??among students at varying levels of risk, and suggested that service acts as a compensatory factor with respect to academic, behavioral, and civic outcomes. Propensity score analyses revealed patterns suggesting that, in some cases, students with certain demographic profiles that are themselves related to the likelihood of service participation may benefit from service participation more than others. Findings are discussed in terms of their significance for adolescent development, for planning service programs, and for educational policy.     

An assessment of sexual health risk behaviors among female youth in juvenile detention

This study investigated the association between risky sexual behavior and drug use among female youth sentenced to a regional juvenile detention center. Preincarceration behavioral health risk data were collected from a modified version of the Youth Risk Behaviors Surveillance Survey completed by respondents. Almost all of the 105 participants had been detained before their current sentence, more than half of them were sexually active before the age of 13, and 70% had smoked marijuana or drank alcohol by age 14. A regression analysis was conducted to determine if preincarceration sexual health risk behaviors were significant enough to predict continued risk behaviors related to pregnancy, disease prevention, and substance use. Findings indicate that youth detention-based prevention programs should emphasize sexual and drug-risk reduction strategies as a means to reduce risky behaviors for this population.     

Saving Strong Neighborhoods From the Destruction of Mortgage Foreclosures: The Impact of Community-Based Efforts in Detroit,Michigan

Mortgage foreclosures hit Detroit, Michigan hard between 2005 and 2014, especially in what we define as strong neighborhoods; there, more than one third of homes experienced foreclosure. Before the crisis hit, these selected tracts had largely intact physical environments and higher owner occupancy, household income and property value than the citywide median. In some of them residents worked intensely to abate the neighborhood effects of mortgage foreclosures. This study examines those efforts’ effectiveness. We selected neighborhoods with the most extensive efforts, as measured, for instance, by creation of community-based plans and applications for grants, and we conducted interviews and field observations to examine those efforts. To assess strengthening of neighborhood housing markets, we applied a modified adjusted interrupted time-series approach to evaluate changes in prices as one measure of neighborhood change. We found that strong resident initiative supported by community development organizations and external assistance led to increased neighborhood housing prices, compared with comparable neighborhoods. However, when initiative, context, and support were weaker, community-based efforts could not prevent considerable decline.     

People,power, change: three pillars of a food sovereignty research praxis

ABSTRACT

This article is situated within nascent debates on the role of academics within food sovereignty movements. Drawing on insights from a collective autoethnography, we report on our experiences conducting three food sovereignty research projects in different contexts and at different scales. We suggest that that the principles and practices of food sovereignty translate into a food sovereignty research praxis. This consists of three pillars focusing on people (humanizing research relationships), power (equalizing power relations) and change (pursuing transformative orientations). This article discusses these pillars and analyzes the extent to which we were able to embody them within our projects.     

基于心理契约理论构建和谐劳动关系评价指标体系

和谐劳动关系是雇佣双方在劳动关系过程中通过有效的机制实现双方权利、义务的平衡,达到协调和平衡的状态,其特征是规范有序、公平合理、互利共赢,因此评价企业劳动关系的和谐程度需要关注雇佣双方利益满足程度.心理契约作为劳动关系的基础和框架,描述了雇佣双方对彼此应履行责任的主观理解,雇佣双方感知到的心理契约履行程度描述了其利益满足程度.本文尝试从雇佣双方心理契约内容及其感知到的心理契约履行程度的理论视角,运用探索性和验证性因子分析构建包含管理者评价和员工评价的和谐劳动关系评价指标体系,并确定管理者和员工评价得分均为4分以上的企业为劳动关系和谐企业.最后对评价指标体系的实践应用进行探讨.     

从“尊重劳动”到“实现体面劳动”——论党的“尊重劳动”方针及其发展

"尊重劳动"不仅是马克思主义唯物史观的基本观点,也是中华民族优秀传统和党的优良作风的重要内容。从党的十六大将"尊重劳动"确立为党和国家重大方针到党的十八大,"尊重劳动"的方针不断得到丰富和发展。