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821.
This article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, André-Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, and Michael Adler. 相似文献
822.
Mainstream criminology still tends to focus on gender as a control variable, ignoring the different pathways to crime followed
by males and females. This leaves us with knowledge that we already have—males commit more criminal and delinquent acts than
do females, but little information about the similarities and differences between men and women who commit crimes. On the
other hand, feminist approaches tend to do one of two things: deal with girls and women only or deal with women and men separately
to illuminate the differences. In this paper, we examine articles in three major journals, Criminology, Justice Quarterly, and Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, to explore the ways that gender is treated in mainstream criminology journals. Then, we will discuss the implications this
has for feminist criminology. 相似文献
823.
Alice G. Yick 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(5):277-285
Ethical principles are often presented as universal, immutable rules. However, when conducting research with ethnic minority
groups, such as Asian Americans and immigrants, ethical issues need to be placed within a sociocultural context as ethical
responses are filtered through the specific value orientations and belief systems of the ethnic group under study. Further,
when the group is a marginalized population, power dynamics complicate ethical principles of autonomy. The complexities are
further accentuated with sensitive topics such as intimate violence or domestic violence. Consequently, ethical questions
about autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, limits to confidentiality, and protecting participants’ safety and reducing
distress need to be at the forefront when planning intimate violence research. An overview of sociocultural context of Western
biomedical ethics is presented and specific ethical issues that emerge when conducting intimate violence are discussed. 相似文献
824.
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826.
Maryam Razavy 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2005,44(3):277-299
In the wake of September 11, authorities have increasingly focused on an age-old method of banking and money transfer known as “hawala.” In this system, a local hawala dealer in one country (or area) takes money from a customer and (for a nominal commission) has an associate in another country (or area) give an equal amount of money to the recipient. This type of underground banking system remains resilient due to several key characteristics. These are: the system's simplicity, its inclusiveness (enabling it to function without any type of external support), and most importantly, its considerable prominence within, and adherence upon specific cultural and religious spheres. This article provides an overview of hawala banking, together with the historical and cultural milieu that gave rise to, and continues to foster it. It suggests that while Islam addresses the issue of debt transfer through the Islamic concept of hawala, the system is widely practiced through many parts of the world by both Muslim and non-Muslims alike. Therefore, to refer to the practice as wholly “Islamic” is erroneous. This study also demonstrates that the initiatives taken towards regulation and/or elimination of hawala are ill suited to deal with the operation of this particular system. This failure particularly reflects the lack of appreciation, on the part of authorities and policy-makers, for the broader social and cultural context in which hawala opearates. A more insightful understanding of the system will address such issues as competing legal paradigms, the local appeal of the system, as well as the likely negative consequences of current regulatory efforts. Thus, any attempts at regulating hawala should ensue with great cultural and religious sensitivity, and should address some of the larger issues that continue to uphold the system, such as the existence of inadequate economic infrastrcture in such nations as Afghanistan and Somalia. 相似文献
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829.
Siam-Heng Heng 《East Asia》2010,27(4):381-394
In the twentieth century Japan embarked on an economic developmental path that came to be known as the Flying Geese Model.
The geopolitical milieu after the Second World War provided Japan with favourable conditions for rapid economic growth and
industrialization. By the 1950s, many had noticed the success of the model and it was subsequently adopted by other East Asian
countries. They too enjoyed decades of remarkable economic growth. An important element of the model is growth driven by export
to the USA and Europe. As a result of the 2008 financial crisis, the traditional markets of the geese are shrinking. The new
situation poses grave challenges to both the existing flying geese economies and latecomer economies which wish to follow
the model. East Asian countries are responding to the situation by broadening and deepening their existing economic linkages
and developing new ones. This represents a continuation of East Asian regionalism in the wake of the 1997 financial crisis. 相似文献
830.
Jeffrey C. Alexander 《Society》2010,47(5):410-418
Common knowledge suggests that elections are won or lost based on demographics, finances, and other structural elements. Whether
candidates win or lose, however, is a matter of action. Symbolic identification, metaphor, and an unfolding narrative—and
how they are managed and interpreted in the flow of events—determine who will emerge victorious from the democratic struggle
for power. The McCain campaign’s effort to cast Obama as a celebrity, with the hollow trivialities and self-aggrandizement
of Paris Hilton and Britney Spears, proves to be one of the most dangerous episodes for the Obama campaign. In response, the
Democrats must adjust the staging of Obama’s Thursday night acceptance speech in Denver as a performance of purpose and gravitas,
rather than glitz and adoration. 相似文献