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151.
Long-term effects of participation in the Baltimore City drug treatment court: Results from an experimental study 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Denise C. Gottfredson Stacy S. Najaka Brook W. Kearley Carlos M. Rocha 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2006,2(1):67-98
This study uses an experimental design comparing 235 offenders assigned either to drug treatment court or treatment as usual.
It extends prior analyses of this study sample to examine whether differences observed between drug treatment court subjects
and control subjects at one and two years after the start of the program persist after three years, when many of the subjects
had ceased active treatment. Further, it extends earlier analyses that showed that the quantity of drug treatment court services
received was related to lower recidivism rates by using an instrumental variables approach to handle the endogeneity problem
that sometimes arises when subjects self-select into different levels of service. Results show a sustained treatment effect
on recidivism, controlling for time at risk. This effect is not limited to the period during which services are delivered.
Rather, it persists even after participation in the drug court program ceases. Results also show that the recidivism is lowest
among subjects who participate at higher levels in certified drug treatment, status hearings, and drug testing. These positive
findings are tempered with findings that more than three-fourths of clients are re-arrested within three years, regardless
of participation in the drug treatment court, and that drug treatment court cases spend approximately the same number of days
incarcerated as do control cases. Implications for strengthening drug treatment courts are discussed. 相似文献
152.
153.
Denise Johnston 《Family Court Review》2012,50(1):91-105
“Services for Children of Incarcerated Parents” provides an overview of the history, design and outcomes of human service programs provided for children of prisoners in the United States. The article examines services based in correctional settings and services sited in the community, using examples from the core programs and projects conducted by the Center for Children of Incarcerated Parents from 1990 through 2010. An analysis of the utility of specific services to children and families, and the effectiveness of those services in improving child outcomes is provided. 相似文献
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156.
Denise B. Kandel Ronald C. Kessler Rebecca Z. Margulies 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1978,7(1):13-40
The social psychological antecedents of entry into three sequential stages of adolescent drug use, hard liquor, marihuana, and other illicit drugs, are examined in a cohort of high school students in which the population at risk for initiation into each stage could be clearly specified. The analyses are based on a two-wave panel sample of New York State public secondary students and subsamples of matched adolescent-parent and adolescent-best schoolfriend dyads. Each of four clusters of predictor variables, parental influences, peer influences, adolescent involvement in various behaviors, and adolescent beliefs and values, and single predictors within each cluster assume differential importance for each stage of drug behavior. Prior involvement in a variety of activities, such as minor delinquency and use of cigarettes, beer, and wine are most important for hard liquor use. Adolescents' beliefs and values favorable to the use of marihuana and association with marihuana-using peers are the strongest predictors of initiation into marihuana. Poor relations with parents, feelings of depression, and exposure to drug-using peers are most important for initiation into illicit drugs other than marihuana.This research is supported by Grant DA-00064 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and by the Center for Socio-Cultural Research on Drug Use of Columbia University.Revised version of a paper presented at the Conference on Strategies of Longitudinal Research on Drug Use, San Juan, Puerto Rico, April 1976. Authors' names are listed alphabetically.Received Ph.D. in sociology from Columbia University in 1960. Current research interests are adolescent socialization, longitudinal approaches to the study of human behavior and psychopathology, and processes of interpersonal influence.Received Ph.D. in sociology from New York University in 1975. Major interest is quantitative sociology.Received Ph.D. in sociology from Columbia University in 1975. Current research interests include adolescent socialization and deviant behavior. 相似文献
157.
Jeanne Brooks-Gunn Denise L. Newman Ph.D. candidate in clinical psychology Claire Holderness M.D. candidate at Columbia University Michelle P. Warren M.D. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1994,23(5):539-565
Girls' experiences of secondary sexual characteristic development were explored via direct interview and protective techniques. In a pilot study (Study 1), 30 White middle to upper middle class 6th–8th-grade girls were interviewed about how they felt about breast and pubic hair growth, their comfort discussing these events, and their information acquisition. Breast growth was perceived as more important than hair growth, in part because the former is perceived as a more public event. Few girls reported intensely negative feelings to either change. Since responses to the direct questions were limited, 80 White 6th–9th graders were asked to tell a story (using a semi structured interview technique) about a picture of an adolescent girl, adult female, and adult male in which the adult female was taking a bra out of a shopping bag (Study 2). Affect, attitudes, and character alliances were coded. More girls attributed negative feelings to the father than to the mother character. Almost all girls describe the adolescent in the story as embarrassed. The daughter and father characters were described as uncomfortable more often than the mother character (50% vs. 10%). Positive maternal affect in the stories was associated with more advanced pubertal status, positive body images, more positive emotional tone, and lower anxiety scores. Affect ascribed to the father and daughter characters was less likely to be associated with girls' psychological functioning. Results are discussed in term sof the possible role of puberty upon parent-child relationships and communication.We wish to thank the W. T. Grant Foundation and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development for their generous support of our research. This article was written while the first author was a Visiting Scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation; the support of the foundation is appreciated.Received Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania.Received M.D. from Columbia University. 相似文献
158.
One hundred ninety-two students participated in an experimental simulation testing whether incentives would reduce the reluctance
of informants to implicate a close other. Half of the students were made to feel interpersonally close to a confederate who
either admitted to or denied a misdeed. All students were interrogated and encouraged to sign a secondary confession stating
that the confederate had confessed to the misdeed; half were offered an incentive to do so. Contrary to expectations, closeness
did not induce reluctance. Instead, the offer of incentive increased the number of participants willing to sign a secondary
confession implicating a close other. Further analyses revealed that this increase occurred only for false secondary confessions.
Implications for interrogation practices are discussed. 相似文献
159.
160.
Christopher Phillips Anna Barbaro Luís Fernandez Formoso David Ballard Denise Syndercombe Court Ángel Carracedo Maviky Lareu 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):25-26
We constructed a simple STR pentaplex of new loci recommended as next generation markers for the European Standard Set (ESS) comprising normal-amplicon STRs: D12S391 and D1S1656, plus mini-amplicon STRs: D2S441, D10S1248 and D22S1045. Validation of the pentaplex included evaluation of its ability to amplify DNA from a variety of degraded forensic casework samples. Although the ESS-pentaplex was designed in the first instance to generate allele frequency data to supplement existing databases of established STRs, the multiplex proved to be a valuable tool for the analysis of challenging DNA when certain markers of Identifiler or MiniFiler occasionally failed. 相似文献