The Distribution of Household Property Crimes

Previous studies have established that repeat victimizations occur more frequently than would be expected if households within a particular area were victimized randomly. This implies that characteristics of the household affect the victimization rate. Even controlling for these characteristics, we find that a Poisson model does not capture the distribution of victimizations because repeat victimizations are more concentrated than it would indicate. This leads us to adopt the negative binomial generalization of the Poisson model. Our analysis uses sociodemographic attributes of the household and community-level characteristics to predict victimizations, with the victimization data being the observed number of property crime victimizations from the 1992 British Crime Survey. The negative binomial generalization is found to be highly statistically significant and the crime concentration it implies becomes much more marked as the predicted number of victimizations increases.     

从调解程序的发展看中国的司法改革(英文)

It is my great pleasure to be here to give a presentation on conflict resolution in China. The economic reforms in China which began three decades ago have achieved     

Leading Cases from Chinese Courts

An enterprise with qualification of legal person which has beenapproved and registered by the competent state authority shallindependently bear its civil liabilities in accordance withlaw. In order to determine whether the organization that hasset up the enterprise should bear civil liabilities for thedebt of the enterprise, thorough examinations should be carriedout on the investment to the enterprise by the organizationand on whether there are circumstances in which the organizationwithdraws the registered capital of the enterprise or maliciouslytransfer the property of the enterprise. If the organizationhas no fault in the abovementioned aspects, it shall not bearjoint liability for the debts of the enterprise.     

DNA typing in populations of mule deer for forensic use in the Province of Alberta

The present study involves the development of forensic DNA typing tests and databases for mule deer in the Province of Alberta. Two multiplex PCR reactions interrogating 10 loci were used to analyze samples from three populations of mule deer. Additionally, an amelogenin based sex-typing marker was used to determine the gender of samples. Results show that the tests and databases are appropriate for use in forensic applications. Additionally, the results indicate that there is little population structure in mule deer in Alberta and that no changes to management of this game species are suggested.     

关于口供价值的理性思考

口供是刑事诉讼中一种非常重要的证据,关于口供的运用问题是目前司法理论界和实务界均在探讨的一个重要问题。本文从功能角度对口供进行剖析,进而对我国立法和司法对待口供的态度进行了反思,并在此基础上提出相关改革建议。     

The INSPIRE Framework: How Public Administrators Can Increase Compliance with Written Requests Using Behavioral Techniques

Public administrators rely on written communications to send information to citizens and stakeholders, and they are among the heaviest users of the postal service. Behavioral science research has identified several techniques that public administrators can use to increase compliance with written requests and, in turn, increase effectiveness. Currently, however, many written communications from government bodies are not written in a manner that utilizes these techniques. It remains an ongoing challenge for public administrators to identify, understand, and use these techniques in the written communications sent by their organizations. This article presents a framework capturing seven prominent techniques in a simple mnemonic—INSPIRE—that is already being used by several government bodies in Australia. It also provides practical examples of how to use each technique and demonstrates that using these techniques could result in large aggregate improvements in effectiveness and socially desirable outcomes of public administrators' written communications.     

The Women's Charter: American Communists and the Equal Rights Amendment debate

The American Communist Party (CPUSA) opposed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), arguing that it failed to ameliorate class and racial inequality. In 1936 the CPUSA participated in the Women's Charter campaign, an alternative to the ERA crafted to protect labor legislation. This article argues that the Charter campaign and the CPUSA's opposition to the ERA demonstrate class-based visions of equality that amalgamated race and gender into the class struggle and highlights disagreements among women's rights activists about how to define women's equality. These disagreements prevented a unified single-issue women's movement after 1920.     

"NOT A DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENT": A CASE STUDY OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN DEPARTMENT OF TAFE 1978–84

Abstract: This paper traces the background to the 1979 and 1984 equal opportunity policy statements in the South Australian Department of TAFE. It documents the process of policy development and planning for implementation and, through an examination of the content of each statement, evaluates the intentions of the authors. It concludes that there is little evidence of commitment at political and bureaucratic levels to deal with the issues the policies sought to address. By use of documents produced within the department at the time, the paper traces resistance to external pressures for change and failure to establish a firm and realistic program for policy implementation.     

财产刑执行情况的调查报告

各地法院财产刑的执行中存在财产刑判处和执行的随意性较大,财产刑执结率低、执行手段单一且缺乏规范性和统一性等问题,而导致这些问题的原因主要在于财产刑执行缺乏明确的法律规定,判罚标准不尽合理以及公安司法机关配合不力。对此,调查报告有针对性地提出设置财产刑诉辩程序以及完善财产刑执行的立法机制等对策,并提出了财产刑执行在现有体制下的工作思路。调查报告还对未成年被告人适用财产刑的问题给予了关注,考虑到未成年被告人作为犯罪主体的特殊性,建议对其有限制地适用财产刑。