法国商法简析

<正> 法国政府一般对外国投资是抱支持态度的。法国的政府机构——地方领土整治评议会(DATAR)积极寻找机会吸引外国投资,尤其是吸引外国投资者到法国较不发达地区去投资,并对外国投资规定了刺激和鼓励的措施。这些措施包括:支付现金、对人员培训提供津贴、特别税收减免     

Acoustic gunshot detection systems: a quasi-experimental evaluation in St. Louis,MO

Journal of Experimental Criminology - The primary aim of this study is to provide an evaluation of St. Louis’ Acoustic Gunshot Detection System’s (AGDS) ability to reduce gun violence....     

The Reader of Defamatory Texts

In many, especially English, defamation cases,the court often speaks of ``the average reader',``the reasonable reader' or similar concepts,which does not refer to any flesh-and-bloodreader of the defamatory text, but is a type ofconstruct of what the court thinks would be thenormal reaction of a person to an allegedlydefamatory text. This concept is compared to asimilar phenomenon found in literary theory inthe persona of the implied reader, created bythe (implied) author as having a given set ofvalues which will lead to an appreciativeinterpretation of the literary work. The papercompares the parallel concepts in the twofields.     

Pain, Impairment, and Disability in the AMA Guides

Physicians use the American Medical Association's Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 5th edition to evaluate millions of disability applicants each year. As major contributors to the chapter in the Guides devoted to assessing impairment associated with pain, we confronted the difficulties of incorporating pain into the Guides' overall evaluation system. Analysis of these difficulties is complicated by the paucity of research on the Guides, and by ambiguities and contradictions that pervade it. We propose that the ambiguities can be reduced if impairment is consistently defined in terms of organ or body part derangement, and disability in terms of activity limitations at the level of the whole person. We also propose a distinction between objective factors that may influence a person's ability to perform activities following injury. We suggest that when physicians examine disability applicants, they should evaluate both objective measures of organ or body part dysfunction and subjective reports of applicants -- especially ones regarding pain. We conclude that a comprehensive medical evaluation of disability applicant encompasses more than an impairment assessment.     

Stochastic amortization and manufacturing profitability

The quantitative analysis of manufacturing operations usually considers the amortization of physical assets, and allows for the cost of such assets in product prices. Typically, this involves the use of an asset's P/A ratio, where P is its initial cost and A is the net cash-flow or profit it generates in unit time. The simplest case, regarding asset life as fixed, is seldom credible, and a more realistic approach is to model the stochastic nature of asset lifetimes. In this paper, we demonstrate the efficacy of the strategy of calculating an average P/A, and show that the earning power of assets should increase with variability in lifetimes. We then argue that pricings based around this average are most useful with large numbers of assets, and that analysis of a small number requires a more considered approach. Finally, we consider the impact of estimating lifetime parameters on the approaches outlined.