Intellectual iconoclasm as modernizing foreign policy: the cases of Mahathir bin Mohamad and Lee Kuan Yew

This article attempts to engage in a preliminary twinned study of the foreign policy styles of Mahathir bin Mohamad and Lee Kuan Yew within the framework of ‘modernizing Southeast Asian foreign policies’. Modernization is a process of immense multidimensional displacement in economy, society, political system, attitudes towards politicians, identities, work, and consumption. As such the onus falls upon their leaders to either mitigate change or productively awaken their followers to embrace a new mode of thought. Both Lee and Mahathir have however chosen to engage in the foreign policy of intellectual iconoclasm featuring the narrative of ‘productive shock’, manufactured nationalist logics, elitist policy-making and elaborate self-propaganda.     

“无痛伦理观”的困惑及其化解——“后道德社会”大学生道德责任问题探析

随着经济的发展,人类社会经历了从现代性到后现代性的转变,进入了"后道德社会",其伦理观表现为道德约束力减弱、权利无限扩大和自我奉献精神失去的"无痛伦理观"。当今大学生受社会的影响,道德责任感开始缺失。我们应当从道德责任回归的应然性与必然性出发,采取必要措施,不断强化大学生的道德责任意识。     

日本电视剧通过互联网在中国大陆传播现状

互联网已成为日本电视剧在中国大陆传播的新平台,但对该平台的研究却与其受关注程度不对等。日本电视剧通过互联网在中国大陆传播的主体是将日本电视剧上传至互联网的字幕组及个人,客体是通过互联网在中国大陆传播的所有日本电视剧,受众以日语学习者、偶像剧迷、年轻白领为主。日本电视剧通过互联网在中国大陆的传播具有先行快速便捷、客体数量庞大却制作不够精良、受众范围小、影响力大等特点,在中国的影响遍及语言、服饰、饮食、旅游等社会生活的方方面面,也面临着版权保护难度高、跨文化传播等问题。     

Basal Vacuolization in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells at Autopsy and Their Relation to Ketoacidosis

Basal vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells is a useful postmortem marker for ketoacidosis. To investigate its incidence and relationship to the severity of ketoacidosis, 158 autopsy cases with elevated β‐hydroxybutyrate (>1 mmol/L) over a 7‐year‐period were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty‐eight cases (43%) exhibited basal vacuolizations (vitreous β‐hydroxybutyrate: 1.16–29.35 mmol/L, mean 10.28 mmol/L), and 90 cases (57%) did not (vitreous β‐hydroxybutyrate: 1.03–13.7 mmol/L, mean 2.84 mmol/L). Quantitative analysis revealed on average a fourfold elevation in β‐hydroxybutyrate in cases with basal vacuolizations compared to those without; 10.3% of cases with β‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations between 1.01 and 2.00 mmol/L had basal vacuolizations, and this incidence increased to 33.3% with concentrations between 4.01 and 6.00 mmol/L. A marked increase in incidence to >70% was observed with concentrations >6.00 mmol/L, and basal vacuoles were invariably present (100%) with concentrations >14.01 mmol/L. This study demonstrates that basal vacuolizations are a sensitive marker for significant ketoacidosis and reaffirms its use as an indicator for likely cases of fatal ketoacidosis at autopsy.     

Hyperosmolarity Induces Armanni‐Ebstein‐like Renal Tubular Epithelial Swelling and Cytoplasmic Vacuolization

Armanni–Ebstein lesions have been considered pathognomonic for diabetes mellitus and appear as markedly swollen renal tubular epithelial cells with cytoplasmic clearing and glycogen accumulation. However, the extent to which hyperosmolarity contributes to the Armanni–Ebstein phenotype is unclear. Ten sheep were injected intravenously with 20% mannitol at 11 mOsm/kg, and subsequent histological evaluation of the kidneys showed variable degrees of osmotic nephrosis and cytoplasmic clearing of renal tubular epithelial cells similar to that seen with Armanni–Ebstein lesions. However, although morphological changes similar to Armanni–Ebstein lesions could be produced, no intracytoplasmic glycogen was demonstrated with periodic Acid–Schiff (PAS) stain. This suggests that while hyperosmolarity may contribute to the development of an Armanni–Ebstein phenotype, glycogen accumulation may result from the more complex metabolic effects of glucose on renal tubular epithelial cells. Thus, when Armanni/Ebstein‐like vacuolizations are seen at autopsy, a confirmatory PAS stain is recommended because of the potential effect of hyperosmolar states.     

Armanni–Ebstein Lesions in Terminal Hyperglycemia

Armanni–Ebstein lesions (AEL) occur in deaths related to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. To investigate the relationship between AEL and terminal hyperglycemia, we retrospectively reviewed 71 cases with vitreous glucose levels ≥11.1 mmol/L; 27 (38%) cases had AEL (vitreous glucose 14.0–77.3 mmol/L); and 44 cases (62%) did not (vitreous glucose 11.1–91.9 mmol/L). There was no significant difference (p = 0.271) in vitreous glucose levels between the cases with AEL (mean 39.2, SD 16.7 mmol/L) and those without (mean 34.2, SD 19.8 mmol/L). Similarly, there was no difference in the degree of dehydration, renal failure, or osmolality. However, there was a significantly higher level of β‐hydroxybutyrate among the cases with AEL compared to those without (p = 0.007), suggesting that ketoacidosis may facilitate the development of AEL. Given the possible synergistic role of β‐hydroxybutyrate, the correlation between AEL and terminal hyperglycemia in animal studies may not be applicable to humans. AEL may also possibly occur with sublethal elevations in glucose.     

农村金融主体缺位及体系重构

相对于农业在国民经济中的地位,农村金融呈现出不对称的地位,表现为农村金融主体的缺位和农村金融资源的稀缺,这限制了农村经济的进一步发展,必须改变我国现有农村金融体系,发挥金融对农村经济应有的支撑作用。     

诉讼监督改革:抉择困境与实践进路

我国当前的诉讼监督具有全面性、事后性、弱效力和分散性等四个鲜明的特点,诉讼监督改革面临着选择诉讼与监督分离还是诉讼与监督合一、以同步监督为主还是以事后监督为主、全面监督还是重点监督、弱效力监督还是强效力监督的艰难抉择。在推进诉讼监督改革时,检察机关必须遵从必要性原则、有限监督原则、中立性原则等三个基本原则,必须鼓励先行先试、坚持循序渐进、注重协调配合以及加大诉讼监督工作力度和创新诉讼监督机制等。     

单亲家庭青少年成长困境的社会工作介入初探

青少年成长话题已引起人们越来越多的关注和讨论。但是,针对单亲家庭青少年、尤其是单亲家庭青少年成长困境开展的研究稍显不够,从社会工作专业层面对这一主题进行的研究更是几近空白。本研究着重从社会工作视角分析单亲家庭青少年成长困境,建构社会工作介入单亲家庭青少年成长困境解决的模型,并探讨社会工作解决单亲家庭青少年成长困境的路径,以期通过这种努力,引导单亲家庭青少年理性应对困境,促进其健康成长。