Decentralization for regional development: A comparative study of Tanzania,Zambia and Papua New Guinea

Decentralization has been a common aim in administrative reform and this article points to common themes in the decentralization programmes of Tanzania, Zambia and Papua New Guinea. The programmes involve both developing field administrative structures on an area basis in which horizontal links between the field staff of different ministries are at least as important as the vertical lines of authority linking field staff with headquarters' departments, and also decentralizing authority over planning and implementing development programmes to local decision making bodies. The impact of these decentralization programmes has not hitherto been adequately monitored or evaluated, and experience of attempts at doing this in Tanzania emphasizes the importance of building into a decentralization programme a method of monitoring it which produces usable information. The article points to the plans for monitoring to be pursued in Zambia.     

Y-chromosome STRs in an Antioquian (Colombia) population sample

Haplotype data were obtained from a sample of 777 unrelated male individuals from Antioquia Department (Colombia), for eight Y-chromosome STRs (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393). A total of 442 different haplotypes were identified of which 334 were represented only once in the database and the most frequent haplotype was found in 32 individuals. A high haplotype diversity was found (99.45%). Genetic distances were calculated using previously published haplotype data and the lowest values were found for the comparisons with samples of lberian origin.     

Enforcing trust judgments within the European Union: European Enforcement Orders

New rules have been introduced for enforcement of judgmentsin European Member States. Since 21 October 2005, for judgmentsdated after 20 January 2005 it has been possible to use a newenforcement system called the European Enforcement Order aswell as the old system of registering foreign judgments. Thisarticle examines the new rules as they apply to judgments intrust cases.     

Book reviews,etc.

Welfare Law and Order. By P. Alcock and P. Harris. [Macmillan Press. 1982. xvi and 219 pp. (inc. index). £5.95.]

Law of Child Care. By B. I. Slomnicka. [Macdonald & Evans. 405 pp. (inc. index). £9.95.]

Swift v. Greenshire County Council, Q.B.D. [Audio‐Visual Department, London University. 40 minutes. Sales prices: (VHS or Sony U‐Matic video cassette + 10 copies of the accompanying documents). Educational institutions in the U.K.: £95 + postage and V.A.T. Government bodies: £150 + postage and V.A.T. Others: £250 + postage and V.A.T. Additional copies of the documents: £2.50 each.

The Sunday Times Case

[Audio‐Visual Centre, University of Warwick. 1981. 16mm colour film. 30 minutes £260 or (hire) £20 for one day + £5 for each day thereafter; video version: £60 + cost of cassette.]

Criminal Procedure. Third edition. By Celia Hampton. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1982. lxi and 472 pp. (inc. index). £16.50 (hardback); £8.95 (paperback).]

The Police in Society. By Ben Whitaker. [Sinclair Browne. 1982. 331 pp. (inc. index). £4.95 (paperback).]

Hanbury and Maudsley's Modern Equity. Eleventh edition. By R. H. Maudsley and Jill E. Martin. [Stevens. 1981. cvi and 796 pp. (inc. index). £27.50 (cloth); £16.50 (paperback).]

Company Law. By Kenneth Smith & D. J. Keenan. Fourth edition. [Pitman, x and 506 pp. (inc. index). £7.50.]

Company Law. By M. C. Oliver. Eighth edition. [Macdonald & Evans. xxx and 386 pp. (inc. index). £3.95.]

Cases in Company Law. Third edition. By M. C. Oliver. I Macdonald & Evans. xv and 396 pp. (inc. index). £4.95.]

Rent Acts and Regulations Amended and Annotated. By J. T. Farrand and A. Arden. Second edition. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1981. xl and 435 pp. (inc. index). £16.50.]

‘O’ Level English Law. By D. M: M. Scott. Fourth edition. [Butterworths. 1981. xvi and 269 pp. (inc. index). £4.95 (paperback).]

‘O’ Level Law. By W. J. Brown. Second edition. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1982. xiv and 227 pp. (inc. index). £4.75 (paperback).]

Danish Law. A General Survey. Edited by Gammeltoft Hansen, Bernhard Gomard and Allan Philip. [G.E.C. Gads, Copenhagen. 395 pp., no index.]     

A Cross‐National Analysis of Party Switching

Though instances of party switching have been widely documented, there is little cross‐national research on this phenomenon. The prevalence of switching is therefore unknown, and the factors influencing this behavior remain unclear. Using the most comprehensive dataset on party switching ever constructed, we illustrate both that interparty movement is more common than previously assumed and that there are substantial differences in its prevalence across parties. To explain this variation, we examine the relationship between legislators' motivations, institutional arrangements, and switching. We find that motivational explanations are correlated with interparty movement and that institutional arrangements exhibit only limited direct influence on switching.