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31.
Weenink D 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(9):1132-1146
This article compares Dutch rural and non-rural adolescents’ delinquent behavior and examines two social correlates of rural
delinquency: communal social control and traditional rural culture. The analyses are based on cross-sectional data, containing
3,797 participants aged 13–18 (48.7% females). The analyses show that rural adolescents are only slightly less likely to engage
in delinquent behavior. Furthermore, while rural adolescents are exposed more often to communal social control, this does
not substantially reduce the likelihood that they engage in delinquent behavior. Concerning rural culture, marked differences
appeared between rural and non-rural adolescents. First, alcohol use and the frequency of visiting pubs were more related
to rural adolescents’ engagement in delinquent behavior. Second, the gender gap in delinquency is larger among rural adolescents:
whereas rural boys did not differ significantly from non-rural boys, rural girls were significantly less likely to engage
in delinquent behavior than non-rural girls. However, the magnitude of the effects of most indicators was rather low. To better
account for the variety of rural spaces and cultures, it is recommended that future research into antisocial and criminal
behavior of rural adolescents should adopt alternative measurements of rurality, instead of using an indicator of population
density only. 相似文献
32.
Surveys typically characterize lay knowledge of eyewitness factors as low and highly variable. However, there are notable
differences across methodologies, samples, and individual factors. To examine these differences systematically, we took a
meta-analytic approach to reviewing the findings of 23 surveys assessing lay knowledge of eyewitness issues. Our analyses
examined the beliefs of 4,669 respondents. Overall, respondents correctly agreed with survey items approximately two-thirds
of the time. Results revealed significant differences in performance as a function of variable type, question format, and
over time. We found few differences as a function of sample type, publication status, or jurisdiction. Although performance
varied, a majority of lay respondents achieved “correct” consensus for as many as 11 of the 16 items included in this review. 相似文献
33.
Don Boyd Hamp Lankford Susanna Loeb Matthew Ronfeldt Jim Wyckoff 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2011,30(1):88-110
Many large urban school districts are rethinking their personnel management strategies, often giving increased control to schools in the hiring of teachers, reducing, for example, the importance of seniority. If school hiring authorities are able to make good decisions about whom to hire, these reforms have the potential to benefit schools and students. Prior research on teacher transfers uses career history data, identifying the school in which a teacher teaches in each year. When such data are used to see which teachers transfer, it is unclear the extent to which the patterns are driven by teacher preferences or school preferences, because the matching of teachers to schools is a two‐sided choice. This study uses applications‐to‐transfer data to examine separately which teachers apply for transfer and which get hired and, in so doing, differentiates teacher from school preferences. Holding all else equal, we find that teachers with better pre‐service qualifications (certification exam scores, college competitiveness) are more likely to apply for transfer, while teachers whose students demonstrate higher achievement growth are less likely. On the other hand, schools prefer to hire “higher quality” teachers across measures that signal quality. The results suggest that not only do more effective teachers prefer to stay in their schools but that schools are able to identify and hire the best candidates when given the opportunity © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
34.
Don Liddick 《Trends in Organized Crime》2010,13(2-3):134-146
The traffic in garbage and hazardous wastes is a huge illicit transnational business that involves a wide array of criminals, including private entities, corrupt public officials, and organized crime groups. The traffic in CFCs and radioactive materials and the chemical by-products of illicit crop cultivation and production are related problems with significant negative environmental and social consequences. Inelastic demand, price differentials among industrialized and developing nations, corruption, incongruent international regulations, a lack of political will, and the emergence of waste brokers are all factors that drive the illegal trade and inhibit law enforcement. While regulatory and criminal justice efforts have been mostly ineffective, technological innovations that reduce waste and the costs of safe disposal may limit opportunities for waste traffickers. The right mix of subsidies and taxation as well as monitoring and compliance at the local level could make legal disposal more attractive, and thus further inhibit criminal opportunities. 相似文献
35.
Don Van Atta 《后苏联事务》2013,29(2):159-190
A leading American specialist on Soviet and Russian agriculture examines the politics and economics of agrarian reform in Russia. Coverage includes institutional reform, finance, local privatization, and interest group activities. Based on six extended visits to Russia during 1992-1994, participant observation, interviews and documentary materials, the author concludes that any successful reform must craft economic measures that will avoid recreating a unified rural bloc in opposition to reforms. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers P32, Q15, Q18. 相似文献
36.
37.
Though much has been written about law enforcement agencies developing partnerships with citizen groups in the context of community policing, very little research has addressed the role of private security as a viable partner in law enforcement. The basis for developing working relationship is sharing common goals as well as having mutual respect for each other. A further important ingredient for developing sound relationships includes the presence and fostering of positive perceptions and attitudes toward each other. In this paper we examine a sample of 284 police officers and 236 security professionals in a Midwestern state to assess their perceptions on strategies to improve police/security relationships. Implications for developing partnerships are discussed. 相似文献
38.
Don D Marshall Senior Fellow 《Third world quarterly》2013,34(5):917-938
This article examines the role and force of international finance in contemporary capitalism and the norms being established by international financial governance structures. More than the matter of exclusion, the article argues that financial stability discourse girding issues related to the nature of capital market liberalisation, terrorist financing, money laundering and tax evasion attempts to suture over, erase and/or render illegitimate ideational resistance—particularly by offshore financial centres (ofcs) of the global South. The ongoing experience of the English-speaking Caribbean ofcs is discussed as local operatives have long been simultaneously framing as well as resisting Anglo-American insistence on a new configuration of market ethics, norms and sociality in the virtual world of ‘shores’ and high finance. This adds to the emerging body of work seeking to discursively unpack financialisation. 相似文献
39.
Scott Helfstein Michael J. Meese Don Rassler Reid Sawyer Troy Schnack Mathew Sheiffer 《冲突和恐怖主义研究》2013,36(9):776-801
This article was written at the request of the Secretary of Defense Task Force on DoD Nuclear Weapons Management. While this analysis suggests that certain types of terrorists can be deterred from certain types of attacks, it is less optimistic about the use of nuclear weapons in a terrorist deterrent strategy. A broad approach to deterrence may be effective against certain types of terrorist groups and attacks, making it crucially important to disaggregate the terrorist threat when setting policy. The article goes on to address two types of terrorist groups with a “global reach” that pose a serious threat to the United States: non-state actors driven by doctrines permitting catastrophic attacks and state-sponsored groups capable of carrying out catastrophic attacks. The analysis reveals a number of previously unappreciated tradeoffs and paradoxes associated with the deterrence of terrorists. 相似文献
40.