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651.
Barry C. Burden David T. Canon Kenneth R. Mayer Donald P. Moynihan 《Public administration review》2012,72(5):741-751
This article argues that administrative burden—that is, an individual's experience of policy implementation as onerous—is an important consideration for administrators and influences their views on policy and governance options. The authors test this proposition in the policy area of election administration using a mixed‐method assessment of local election officials. They find that the perceived administrative burden of policies is associated with a preference to shift responsibilities to others, perceptions of greater flaws and lesser merit in policies that have created the burden (to the point that such judgments are demonstrably wrong), and opposition to related policy innovations. 相似文献
652.
Rodger Jamieson Lesley Pek Wee Land Donald Winchester Greg Stephens Alex Steel Alana Maurushat Rick Sarre 《Computer Law & Security Report》2012
Identity fraud as a term and concept in its formative stages was often presumed to be identity theft and visa versa. However, identity theft is caused by the identities (or tokens) of individuals or organisations being stolen is an enabling precursor to identity fraud. The boundaries of identity fraud and identity theft are now better defined. The absence of specific identity crime legislation could be a cause of perpetrators not classified as breaching identity crimes but under other specific entrenched law such as benefit fraud, or credit card fraud. This metrics overlap can cause bias in crime management information systems. This study uses a multi-method approach where data was collected in both a quantitative and qualitative manner. These approaches are used as a lens for defining different classes of online identity crimes in a crime management (IS) security context. In doing so, we contribute to a deeper understanding of identity crime by specifically examining its hierarchical classes and definitions; to aid clearer structure in crime management IS. We seek to answer the questions: should current law around identity fraud continue to be reinforced and measures introduced to prevent identity crime; should laws be amended; or should new identity crime laws be constructed? We conclude and recommend a solution incorporating elements of all three. 相似文献
653.
There has been little direct, systematic empirical analysis of the role that universities play in enhancing the success of entrepreneurial ventures. We attempt to fill this gap by analyzing data from the US SBIR program, a ??set-aside?? program that requires key federal agencies (e.g., Department of Defense) to allocate 2.5% of their research budget to small firms that attempt to commercialize new technologies. Based on estimation of Tobit and negative binomial regressions of the determinants of commercial success, we find that start-ups with closer ties to universities achieve higher levels of performance. 相似文献
654.
Stefan Krabel Donald S. Siegel Viktor Slavtchev 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2012,37(2):192-212
We examine whether scientists employed in foreign countries and foreign-educated native researchers are more “entrepreneurial”
than their “domestic” counterparts. We conjecture that foreign-born and foreign-educated scientists possess broader scientific
skills and social capital, which increases their likelihood that they will start their own companies. To test this hypothesis
we analyze comprehensive data from researchers at the Max Planck Society in Germany. Our findings provide strong support for
the conjecture that academic entrepreneurship can be stimulated by facilitating the mobility of scientists across countries. 相似文献
655.
Mental health courts have recently emerged as one means to reduce the number of persons with mental illness in the criminal
justice system. Using a post-test only comparison group design, this study examined rearrest rates for 1 year post discharge
among three groups meeting admission criteria for a municipal mental health court. The rearrest rate of defendants who successfully
completed the program (N = 351) was 14.5%, compared to 38% among defendants negatively terminated from the program (N = 137), and 25.8% among defendants who chose not to participate (N = 89). This positive result held even when controlling for a range of variables in a Cox regression survival analysis. Factors
associated with rearrest are identified for each of the three groups. 相似文献
656.
657.
Community-based corrections (CBC) is advocated as a solution to many of the problems of contemporary American corrections. Its smallscale, treatment-oriented approach, emphasis on employment and adjustment programs, and stress on greater accessibility are cited increasingly as reforms needed by a system now dominated by overcrowded and highly expensive prisons. Yet, the implementation of CBC programs has been slow and very often little actual reform is evident. This paper offers an explanation for the failure of CBC initiatives using Delaware's experience as a case in point. The domination of American correctional thinking by an ideology of incarceration and the stable-state requirements of prisons are identified as the crucial factors shaping the fate of CBC. 相似文献
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660.
The following articles examine the impact of legislation modeled after the Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (URLTA) in Portland, Oregon, and Cleveland, Ohio. Their conclusion is that the legislation has been only marginally effective, benefiting primarily middle-income tenants in the suburbs or in the cities' better neighborhoods, while largely failing in the aim of helping the inner-city poor and upgrading the quality of slum housing. The general lesson is an old one: law reform attempts at rearranging basic social-legal relationships often fail to achieve their intended effects, particularly when their effectuation is left to the initiative or ingenuity of those individual private parties who are least likely to possess or display these traits. 相似文献