The ombudsman in France

Abstract: Though France and the United Kingdom are the most populous countries with a legislative ombudsman at the national level, little has been written in English ahout the French plan. Created in 1973, it resembles the British scheme for the central administration, in that coinplaints must he forwarded to the ombudsman (Médiateur) by members of Parliament. The French plan has been more successful than the British one, and hence ought to lw studied by other populous countries considering such a plan. It differs from the British scheme in several important respects, three of its unique features being its political nature. its decentralization and its reform orientation. However, a comparison of the total number of coinplaints received by the plan in France with that in countries where complaints are made directly- indicates that, as in the United Kingdom, the requirement for complaints to be made through legislators has been a serious restriction, and has prevented the plan from meeting a large part of the need. Sommaire: Bien que la France et le Royaume-Uni soient les pays les plus peuplés àêtre dotés d'um médiateur législatif (ombudsman) au niveau national, le système françis n'a pas suscité heaucoup de commentaires de la part des auteurs anglophones. Créé en 1973. ce systéme ressemble à celui instauné au Royaume-Uni pour l'administration centrale en ce que les plaintes doivent être transmises au médiateur par l'intermédiaire des députés. Le système français a connu plus de succès que le Lritannique et mérite par conéquent d'être étudié par d'autres pays à haute derisité démographique qui envisageraient un tel systéme. Il differe du inodèle britannique par certains aspects importants, ses trois caractéristiques particulières étant sa nature politique. sa décentralisation et son orientation réformatrice. Toutefois, une comparaison entre le nombre total de plaintes enregistrées dans Ic cadre du système fiançais et le nombre de plaintes déposées dans les pays où l'on a adopté la façon directe de procéder démontre que comme au Royaume-Unit, l'intermédiaire qu'est le député constitue un obstacle important qui empêche le système fraiçais de répidre à une grande partie des hesoins.     

经合组织与中国

成立于1961年的经合组织在当今全球化进程和中国经济发展中扮演了十分重要的角色。财富增长、社会稳定和良好的行政管理构成了经合组织塑造全球化进程的“三角发展模式,”这种模式有利于促进全球经济平衡发展,也值得中国借鉴。依据经合组织统计报告,中国目前的经济发展在投资、贸易和财政领域占据优势,但其所有制资产比重、劳动力市场和货币政策仍与经合组织国家有差距。     

Public Sector Politics, Modernization, and Federalism: The Canadian and American Experiences

The focus of this analysis is an attempt to compare Canadianand American federalism in terms of Samuel Beer's modernizationtheory. In Canada, it is argued that modernization had led tothe enhancement of provincial power rather than the centralizationof the federal system. The Westminster model of parliamentarygovernment contributed to these developments, although the wayin which power is organized in government has been even moreimportant in determining the directions taken by Canadian federalism.     

Clients, Colleagues, and Community: The Shaping of Zealous Advocacy in Country law Practice

This exploratory study examines the impact of context on the exercise of one dimension of professional responsibility—zealous advocacy. The context selected for observation is the small town (population 20,000 or less), where lawyers work under conditions of high visibility, scrutiny, and accountability. The study suggests that in the small town, the lawyer works in a system where expectations of clients, community, and colleagues possess a high degree of salience for the manner in which he works. The expectations of these separate groups tend to converge on the issue of zealous advocacy and result in the rural attorney's being less likely to exploit the possibilities for adversary combat. The definition of zealous advocacy" under which he works is shaped in the context of his practice, not in the content of his law school socialization.     

An Exploratory Study of Emotional Intelligence and Domestic Abuse

To date, there is no literature specifically addressing the relationship between spousal battering and emotional intelligence, a concept that captures the success, or lack thereof, of a person's functioning in their immediate environment. Forty-four men convicted of spousal assault and 76 undergraduate students completed the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i; R. Bar-On, BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: User's Manual, Multi-Health Systems, Inc., Toronto, 1997), the Propensity for Abusiveness Scale (PAS; D. G. Dutton, J. Fam. Violence 10(2): 203–221, 1995), and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (D. Paulhus, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 46: 598–609, 1984; Assessing Self-Deception and Impression Management in Self-Reports: The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, Unpublished manual, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 1988; In Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 17–59, 1991). Results of this exploratory study indicate that batterers score significantly lower than the general population on all components of EQ-i. Additionally EQ-i total and subscale scores for both samples correlate negatively and significantly with scores on PAS, suggesting that deficits in various components of emotional intelligence are related to an increase in the propensity to be abusive. Implications for batterer treatment are discussed.