Determination and validation of tetrodotoxin in human whole blood using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy and its application

A sensitive analytical method was developed for the quantitative determination of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a powerful sodium channel blocker, in human postmortem whole blood. The sample mixture was cleaned up using cation exchange SPE catridge after protein precipitation by methanol and then separated on a PC-HILIC (phosphorylcholine hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) column (150 mm × 2.0mm i.d., 5 μm) using a isocratic elution of 1% acetic acid and acetonitrile. The identification of TTX was performed on tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization interface in positive ion mode. The retention time of voglibose (internal standard) and TTX was 5.1 and 6.0 min, respectively. TTX and internal standard (voglibose) were monitored and quantitated using the ion transitions: the respective precursor to product ion combinations, m/z 320/302 for TTX and m/z 268/92 for voglibose in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The recovery of TTX and voglibose was 61.4% and 62.8%, respectively and the good accuracy (97.7-103.9%), linearity (2-1200 ng/mL) and reproducibility were shown in this method. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.32 ng/mL and 1.08 ng/mL, respectively. This method was applied in the case of three fishermen who were poisoned (including one death) by unknown fish on their boat in October 2010. In this case, the levels of TTX were 27.2, 30.0 and 29.7 ng/mL in heart blood, peripheral blood and serum of a victim, were 3.1 and 12.1 ng/mL in peripheral blood and 3.9 and 12.8 ng/mL in serum of two survivors, respectively.     

行政法官在发展社会政策中的作用

<正>行政法官有一种严重的、在一定意义上属于低人一等的情结。①相比于"真正的"法官,他们对自身的地位过度敏感。然而他们在社会中的作用却使其他法官黯然失色。尽管他们的价值常常受到成本—效益(cost effectiveness)的衡量,但最重要贡献却在于社会政策的发展方面。②鉴于行政国家的发展,他们已成为政策发展的关键角色。正如伟大智者詹姆斯·兰迪斯(James Landis)所言:"对行     

认知、认同与信仰:社会主义核心价值体系教育的三个维度及其推进路径

大力推进社会主义核心价值体系的宣传教育不仅关乎公民思想道德和精神文明建设状况的价值评判,更是塑造中华民族共有精神家园、实现文化强国与构建和谐社会的重要举措。应从认知、认同与信仰三个维度有步骤,分层次地展开与实施社会主义核心价值体系教育。要以情境化的思维和方式加强社会主义核心价值体系教育,这是推进公民社会主义核心价值体系有效认知、积极认同与信仰发生的重要路径,也是社会主义核心价值体系融入国民教育和精神文明建设全过程、贯穿现代化建设各方面的有效手段。     

China-Russia Ten-thousand-mile Tea Road

正From November 5 to 14,2014,a nine-member European NGO study group visited China at the invitation of CAFIU.The members of the group came from Russian and Austrian NGOs and think tanks,some of whom are senior China experts.To help them get a comprehensive idea of China’s development,in Beijing,Deputy SecretaryGeneral Zheng Yao briefed the group on China’s     

我国公共部门绩效管理的历史与发展趋势研究

通过考察我国公共部门绩效管理的不同历史发展时期,发现绩效评估存在不同形式,也受到来自西方"新公共管理运动"的影响。目前,我国绩效评估存在与组织战略目标脱节、实践操作困难、考评结果未能反馈利用等局限,因此,建立健全相关制度保障和配套措施是当务之急。绩效管理要想获得更好地发展,提升组织竞争力,就需要向"学习型组织"转变和加强公民参与力度,从而为公共部门存在提供合法与民主性依据。     

CHINA＇S LATEST MARRIAGE LAW AMENDMENT AND FAMILY PROPERTY： TRADITION AND MODERNITY

China＇s latest Marriage Law amendment illustrates how tradition contributes to China＇s modernity. Traditionally, a house was a necessity for a marriage in China. This is because in ancient China, marriage secured the continuation of the family line and provision for ancestors. In modern China, the one child policy and soaring housing prices collectively force the ＂three families＂ to buy a house for the new couple. However, what happens when the couple divorces？ Shall the house then be considered community property？ The 2011 Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People ＂s Court of Several Issues on the Application of the Marriage Law of the People＇s Republic of China, provides that where real estate is purchased by the parents of one party, and after the party＇s marriage is registered under the party＇s name, such real estate shall be deemed as a gift given by the parents to the party and the party＇s personal property. This interpretation represents a compromise between tradition and modernity.
The article will firstly introduce the marriage system in ancient China, illustrating that under the doctrine ofli, the real purpose of marriage was to be a bond of love between two （families of differenO surnames. Retrospectively, this secured observance of ancestral rituals in the ancestral temple, and prospectively, continuation of the family line. The house was a necessity for marriage because one of the six ceremonies required for marriage under li was the procession, and then welcome of the bride at the groom ＂s home. （Other ceremonies involved a matchmaker securing a proposal, matching auspicious birthdates, exchanging gifts between the bride＇s and groom＇s families, setting an auspicious wedding date, honoring ancestors and deities, and having an elaborate banquet）.
The article will then analyze the marriage law in the of Republic of China, in which even the post-dynasty marriage law adopted the western marriage system, the strong resistance of the old tradition forced the law-     

欧俄能源合作中的大国博弈

At present,the European Union,the United States and Russia are engaged in some political jousting over energy resourcing between Europe and Russia based on their different interests and geostrategic orientation.The US and Europe share similar geopolitical interests,while Europe and Russia share economic interests in energy cooperation,and this dichotomy will have a major impact on the evolving trilateral relations among the EU,the US and Russia.Therefore,it is necessary to deepen our analysis of the major-power contention in EU-Russia energy cooperation and study its influence and future trend.