Editorial

Both at Nordic and European level, public research funding is taking new forms. In this article we identify some new trends and ask which consequences they could have for interdisciplinary research, especially for studies on gender. Based on data gathered in an on‐going EU research project on interdisciplinarity and the integration of Humanities and the Social Sciences, we discuss the Nordic situation in comparison to some European countries which are part of the project. We argue that the new trends are contradictory and ambiguous. We explore what happens to disciplinary divisions in the emerging new structures. In a tentative conclusion we suggest that the European streamlining of research funding in combination with a demand for large‐scale co‐operation are possible threats to small interdisciplinary fields like feminist research. While disciplinary boundaries on a structural level seem to dissolve, they are maintained in application and evaluation practices. Research programmes focusing on interdisciplinarity and themes within feminist research might instead be opportunities.     

The eve of de‐struction: Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the feminist recreation of paradise

Wanton Eyes &; Chaste Desires: Female Sexuality in The Faerie Queene. By Sheila T. Cavanagh. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.

Colonial American Travel Narratives. Edited by Wendy Martin. London and New York: Penguin, 1994.

The Invention of Pornography: Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity, 1500–1800. Edited by Lynn Hunt. New York: Zone Books, 1993.     

Hukou and land: market reform and rural displacement in China

Scholarship about the Chinese hukou (household registration) system has focused on the advantages and entitlements associated with urban hukou. This paper shifts attention to the key entitlement provided by rural hukou – village land. While early hukou reforms were mainly designed to open up urban labor markets to rural migrants, recent reforms have also begun to open up rural land markets, by replacing hukou-based land rights with market-based rights. These reforms are designed to facilitate land concentration and the transfer of land to outside developers and agribusiness companies, which has been hindered by hukou-based land rights. Underlying the reforms is the government's agenda of promoting large-scale agriculture and urbanization, both of which require the removal of a large portion of the rural population from the land. By focusing on land rights rather than urban benefits, this paper provides a new perspective on the evolution of the hukou system, and highlights the negative implications of recent reforms for livelihood security in the countryside.     

Besprechungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Schweizer Lokalparteien im Wandel. Aktuelle Entwicklungstendenzen gefährden die politische Stabilität

Den Lokalparteien kommt in der Schweiz nicht nur eine grosse Bedeu-tung zu, sondern sie haben auch entscheidend zur politischen Stabilität des Landes beigetragen. Nicht zuletzt dank den direktdemokratischen Einrichtungen haben sie sich bereits relativ früh herausgebildet und ei-ne grosse Verbreitung gefunden. In den letzten Jahren macht sich der politischen Wandel jedoch auch bei den Lokalparteien bemerkbar. In den kleineren Gemeinden verlieren die Lokalparteien an Bedeutung und immer mehr Parteilose nehmen Einsitz in die Gemeindeexekuti-ven. In den mittleren und grösseren Gemeinden finden sich demgegen-über vor allem gemeindespezifische Gruppierungen und kleinere Par-teien, welchen den traditionellen Parteien Konkurrenz machen, wobei die Vormachtstellung der vier Bundesratsparteien noch kaum gefährdetist. Im Hinblick auf die Zukunft der Parteien werden die Entwicklun-gen auf kommunaler Ebene nicht unwichtig sein. Ein Bedeutungsver-lust der Lokalparteien und eine Lockerung des Verhältnisses zwischen den Lokalparteien und ihren übergeordneten Parteiorganisationen wird die politische Stabilität der Schweiz wesentlich beeinträchtigen.     

The 1984 election as Anthony downs and Stanley Kelley might interpret it

This paper is an analysis of two rational choice theories of elections. Anthony Downs and Stanley Kelley's theories yield complementary interpretations of the 1984 U. S. election. Reagan's victory was based on both prospective and retrospective judgments as well as on candidate and policy considerations. Reagan won that element of an incumbent's reelection that is a referendum on his performance as president. However, people also voted on the basis of domestic and foreign policy preferences for the second term. On these issues voters preferred Mondale as much as Reagan. Reagan's victory owed remarkably little to his conservative agenda and to a warm regard for his personal qualities as a leader. His landslide was deceptive. The two Reagan victories were among the weakest of the six landslides of the postwar period by Kelley's test of decisiveness. The Reagan elections have not set the United States on the course of a long-term conservative agenda in either domestic or foreign affairs.