Implementing Democratic Equality in Political Parties: Organisational Consequences in the Swedish and the German Pirate Parties

This article theorises and empirically assesses some important intra‐organisational implications of maximising democratic equality in political parties both between followers and members and between members and elites. They include weak member commitment, passivity of the rank‐and‐file membership and – depending on party structure – high levels of internal conflict. To substantiate the arguments, two parties that implement principles of democratic equality in their organisations are examined: the Swedish and German Pirate parties. These cases show, first, that while organisational structures implementing norms of equality allowed them to rapidly mobilise a considerable following, the same structures systematically reduced their capacity to consolidate support in the longer term – a weakness that might eventually put these parties' survival at risk. Second, they show that differences in the extent to which subnational units provide a foundation for member mobilisation helps to explain variation in the level of internal conflict experienced by these parties.     

残缘璃眼蜱subolesin基因的原核表达及表达产物的反应原性分析

为研究残缘璃眼蜱subolesin基因的生物学特性以及寻找新的抗蜱和蜱传病疫苗候选抗原,根据GenBank上登录的小亚璃眼蜱subolesin基因核苷酸序列设计特异性引物,以残缘璃眼蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱、微小牛蜱的饥饿成蜱cDNA为模板,扩增出subolesin基因的完整阅读框(ORF)。将残缘璃眼蜱subolesin基因的PCR产物经EcoRⅠ+NotⅠ双酶切后连接至表达载体pGEX-4T-1,把重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-subolesin导入感受态细胞BL21(DE3)中,在37℃、1mmol/L IPTG条件下诱导表达。利用SDS-PAGE分析subolesin基因的体外表达特征;用Western-blot分析Subolesin蛋白的反应原性。结果显示,残缘璃眼蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱、微小牛蜱subolesin基因的ORF长度分别为492、492、486bp,分别编码163、163、161个氨基酸。subolesin基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列的比对结果显示,残缘璃眼蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱、微小牛蜱与参考的小亚璃眼蜱的核苷酸序列同源性分别为98%、98%、89%,氨基酸序列同源性分别为98%、99%、93%。SDS-PAGE和Western-blot结果显示,重组残缘璃眼蜱Subolesin蛋白的分子质量为45ku,纯化的subolesin重组抗原可与抗残缘璃眼蜱全蜱血清、残缘璃眼蜱唾液腺、卵巢血清有较强的反应原性。     

205例高坠案件局部机械性损伤与死亡性质关系分析

目的探讨高坠案件中局部机械性损伤行为心理分析与死亡性质的关系,为此类案件的定性提供参考。方法收集2008—2013年高坠死亡案件311例,其中存在高坠难以形成的局部机械性损伤案例205例。对损伤形成特点、现场痕迹、高坠致命伤、文字信息等进行分析。结果 205例中,根据初步现场痕迹、高坠致命伤、文字信息等分析后,明确自杀86例,意外24例,性质不明95例。95例性质不明案例经对局部机械性损伤进行行为心理分析后,认定自杀80例,意外11例,他杀4例。结论高坠难以形成的局部机械性损伤与死亡性质具有关联性,根据局部机械性损伤行为心理分析推断高坠死亡性质基本准确。     

新中国成立初期与当前高校招生制度的比较

高校招生制度的确立经历了单独招生、联合招生、统一招生三个阶段。新中国成立初期与当前高校招生制度具有相同点:符合经济社会发展需要、中央统一领导与地方组织实施相结合、注重教育资源分配公正性。二者又相互区别:时代背景迥异、招生计划分配方式不同、考试科目与内容差异明显。比较两个时期高校招生制度,对当前的考试招生改革具有以下启示:加强国家层面的顶层设计、改进高校招生计划分配方式、完善和规范高校自主招生、探索多元评价与录取机制。     

The Media Salience of Germany's Bilateral Relations to the United States,France and Britain

This article provides a comparative analysis of the salience of Germany's bilateral relations to the United States, France and Britain in the German media since the end of the cold war. It offers a media content frequency analysis which identifies long-term similarities and differences in media reporting across the three relationships as well as short-term upswings of media interest in each of them individually. This is relevant because the media salience of bilateral relations is a measure of their underpinnings in public discourse and speaks to the significance of domestic drivers in conducting such relationships. The article finds that media reporting on Germany's three bilateral relations under study has significantly increased in the post-9/11 period and that US–German and Franco–German relations attract far more attention in the German media than Anglo–German relations. Short-term upswings in media coverage are triggered by specific types of events, in particular crises in European integration and international military missions.