Ausnahme von einer Baumschutzsatzung gegen Ersatzpflanzung oder Ersatzzahlung

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对外开放战略视域下中国国家经济主权安全探讨

国家经济主权是国家政治权力和经济权力在国家最高利益契合点的权力结合。中国经济在与国际经济接轨的同时。不可避免使国家经济主权安全面临压力。主要有：中国自主选择经济发展模式受西方国家的干扰：跨国公司的跨国经营有可能削弱中国经济发展的独立性;国际经济组织及其相关国际法有可能使国家独立选择经济政策的余地变得日益狭小等等。认识并应对对外开放战略背景下中国国家经济主权安全所面临的问题,科学制定维护中国国家经济主权安全的战略策略,意义重大。     

Developmental validation of reduced-size STR Miniplex primer sets

This paper describes a developmental validation study of three Miniplex sets covering 12 of the 13 CODIS loci. As these new sets will be used for the analysis of degraded and low level DNA, the validation studies were performed using 100-125 pg of DNA, the lowest input level at which peak balance, peak intensity, and allele consistency were stable. To demonstrate the applicability of the Miniplex sets to forensic casework, these validation studies were completed in accordance with the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). A range of tests were performed including studies of concordance with standard multiplex kits, sensitivity and reproducibility, and PCR amplification conditions. Additionally, studies of mixtures, nonhuman and environmentally degraded DNA, and simulated forensic samples were performed. Our results demonstrate that Miniplex STR amplification procedures are a robust and sensitive tool for the analysis of degraded DNA.     

Rollen und Institutionen als symbolische Ordnung von Netzwerken

Roles and institutions lead to the reduction of uncertainty in communication, and to a particular pattering of social networks. Cultural patterns for actorhood, for social relationships, and for patterns of relationships are conceptualized as ??relational institutions?? that structure social networks as cultural models. Roles mediate between the structure of social networks and institutionalized cultural patterns: On the one hand, they can emerge in small-scale network contexts and crystallize as long as the network structure persists. On the other hand, communication draws on institutionalized models to reduce its own complexity and uncertainty. Thus, relational institutions imprint social networks through role categories. In order to elaborate on this relational conception of institutions and roles, the text combines arguments from social network research, from the normative and the interpretive role concept, from philosophical anthropology and neo-institutionalism with the general perspective of relational sociology.