Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP): administrative implementation, interim final rule. Interim final rule with request for comments

The Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREP Act) authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secretary) to establish the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP or Program). The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is issuing this interim final rule with request for comments in order to establish administrative policies, procedures, and requirements for the CICP. This Program is designed to provide benefits to certain persons who sustain serious physical injuries or death as a direct result of administration or use of covered countermeasures identified by the Secretary in declarations issued under the PREP Act. In addition, the Secretary may provide death benefits to certain survivors of individuals who died as the direct result of such covered injuries or their health complications. The Secretary is seeking public comments on this interim final rule.     

Medical devices; radiology devices; reclassification of full-field digital mammography system. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the reclassification of the full-field digital mammography (FFDM) system from class III (premarket approval) to class II (special controls). The device type is intended to produce planar digital x-ray images of the entire breast; this generic type of device may include digital mammography acquisition software, full-field digital image receptor, acquisition workstation, automatic exposure control, image processing and reconstruction programs, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories. The special control that will apply to the device is the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Full-Field Digital Mammography System." FDA is reclassifying the device into class II (special controls) because general controls along with special controls will provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of the guidance document that will serve as the special control for this device.     

Amendments to general regulations of the Food and Drug Administration. Direct final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending certain of its general regulations to include tobacco products, where appropriate, in light of FDA's authority to regulate these products under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (Tobacco Control Act). With these amendments, tobacco products will be subject to the same general requirements that apply to other FDA-regulated products. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, we are publishing a companion proposed rule under FDA's usual procedures for notice and comment to provide a procedural framework to finalize the rule in the event we receive significant adverse comment and withdraw this direct final rule.     

试论我国深化乡镇管理体制改革的目标

明确当今中国深化乡镇管理体制改革的体制性目标,在当前不仅是乡镇机构改革探索中亟待解答的一个重大而现实的命题,而且是全面深化农村综合改革所要迫切完成的一项基础性与根本性任务,更是新农村建设整体推进的必然诉求。为此,本文提出了我国深化乡镇管理体制改革的基本目标与核心目标之范畴,即重构公共管理体制与公共领导体制。     

中美政府人事管理价值的历史演进与比较分析

价值的进路是深入到政府人事管理内核的必由之路。美国政府人事管理价值的历史演进体现了政治回应、道德主义、效率、个人权利、专业的职业化、社会公平等价值,其发展趋势是维护传统理念、加强管理弹性和以结果为本。中国政府人事管理价值的历史演进体现了宗族主义、政治回应、道德主义、公平竞争、分权等价值,其发展趋势主要是法治主义、效率和分权。美国和中国在政府人事管理价值历史演进和发展趋势上呈现了许多共同点和差异。     

西方发达国家基本公共服务均等化路径选择的经验与启示

基本公共服务均等化是一项复杂的社会系统工程,如何借鉴西方发达国家基本公共服务均等化的成功经验,并与我国的具体社会经济环境相结合,探索出我国基本公共服务均等化的有效路径,是社会面临的重要课题。本文在分析西方发达国家基本公共服务均等化的成功经验的基础上,结合我国客观实际,提出了我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的路径选择,包括确定基本公共服务均等化标准、建立基本公共服务体系、健全公共服务体制、完善基本公共服务均等化的财政保障、实施基本公共服务均等化的绩效评估与监督。     

政府年度工作报告:官员问责机制建设的一个新视角

政府年度工作报告作为系统披露官员政策承诺与业绩报告的重要途径,既是西方发达国家推进官员问责机制建设的最新趋势,也是中国政治制度的潜在优势。与选举、预算、司法审判、独立问责等官员问责机制相比,中国独特的政治架构使得政府年度工作报告在建立公众、政务官以及常任文官之间环环紧扣的问责链,实现汇报与验证、信任与质疑、授权与审查的动态平衡,全面提升信息、激励和约束功能等方面具有明显的优势,并最终有利于提高官员政策承诺的民意遵从度和实现程度,提升治理绩效。因此,以政府年度工作报告为着力点和突破口,完善其运行机制与配套制度应当是推进中国官员问责机制建设的首要途径。     

学校应急管理:特点、机制和策略

学校突发事件作为公共应急管理的一个特殊领域,与其它领域相比有一定的特殊性。以往的应急管理研究对学校的特点重视不够,导致应急管理实践效果不很理想。本文分析了学校突发事件所具有的时段性、情绪性、脆弱性、连带性以及责任先定性等特点,提出了学校突发事件应急管理的基本原则,在此基础上研究了学校应急管理的一般要求,并从校园自然灾害、校园安全事故、学校多发事件三类学校突发事件分别提出了应对的机制和策略。     

制定我国《药品再评价管理办法》的法律依据及有关问题分析

本文通过介绍我国开展药品再评价的法律依据,探讨制定我国《药品再评价管理办法》的必要性和急迫性,并 就有关实际工作中存在的问题提出了解决建议。