学术界关于深化行政管理体制改革的建议观点综述

本文就1988年以来,行政管理学界关于政府职能转变、机构改革、精减人员、行政管理方式改革、政府人力资源开发等问题提出的新观点,进行了搜集和梳理,以期推动学术界对深化行政管理体制改革的研究.     

制度执行力:概念辨析及构建要素

制度执行力就是指制度本身所具有被执行落实的强制力、执行效力,以及相关组织在执行相关制度时的执行力量和执行效力。制度执行力与政府执行力、政策执行力之间具有交叉重叠的关系。制度执行力的构建,需要从完善制度、执行元制度、执行主体、执行行动、执行要件等方面着手。     

科学合理确定我国公务员工资水平的路径探讨

科学合理确定我国公务员的工资水平需要建立工资调查比较机制。该机制包括两项核心任务——科学合理地建立政企职位对应关系以及准确高效地开展工资调查工作。实现这一机制的核心难点是如何建立政企职位对应关系和如何开展市场工资调查。本文对比分析了目前公务员工资确定的三种方法和技术,归纳比较了各种方法的优缺点。同时,本文分析了在我国建立工资调查比较机制的必然性,回答了工资调查比较工作中的若干操作化问题,为进一步落实公务员工资制度提供了专业的参考意见。     

非营利部门市场化:公民社会处在风险当中?

公共部门越来越多地采用市场的途径与理念来指导政策制定与管理.一些美国的公共管理学者已经指出了这个问题,其中特别强调其对民主与公民权利的影响.     

Food labeling: health claims; soluble fiber from certain foods and risk of coronary heart disease. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its regulation authorizing a health claim on the relationship between soluble fiber from certain foods and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The amendment exempts certain foods from the nutrient content requirement of "low fat." The exemption will apply if the food exceeds the "low fat" requirement due to fat content derived from whole oat sources. The amendment expands the use of this health claim to some whole oat products that are currently ineligible for the health claim. FDA is taking this action in response to a petition submitted by the Quaker Oats Co.     

Human subject protection; foreign clinical studies not conducted under an investigational new drug application. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its regulations on acceptance of foreign clinical studies not conducted under an investigational new drug application (IND) (non-IND foreign clinical studies) as support for an IND or application for marketing approval for a drug or biological product. The final rule replaces the requirement that these studies be conducted in accordance with ethical principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki (Declaration) issued by the World Medical Association (WMA), specifically the 1989 version (1989 Declaration), with a requirement that the studies be conducted in accordance with good clinical practice (GCP), including review and approval by an independent ethics committee (IEC). The final rule updates the standards for the acceptance of foreign clinical studies not conducted under an IND and helps ensure the protection of human subjects and the quality and integrity of data obtained from these studies.     

Medical devices; radiology devices; reclassification of bone sonometers. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule to reclassify bone sonometer devices from class III into class II, subject to special controls. FDA is taking this action on its own initiative after reviewing recent scientific and technological studies regarding bone sonometer devices. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of a guidance document entitled "Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff; Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Bone Sonometers" that will serve as the special control for these devices.     

Revised medical criteria for evaluating immune system disorders. Final rules

We are revising the criteria in the Listing of Impairments (the listings) that we use to evaluate claims involving immune system disorders. We apply these criteria when you claim benefits based on disability under title II and title XVI of the Social Security Act (the Act). The revisions reflect our adjudicative experience, as well as advances in medical knowledge, treatment, and methods of evaluating immune system disorders.     

Schedules of controlled substances; exempt anabolic steroid products. Final rule

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is finalizing an Interim Rule designating six pharmaceutical preparations as exempt anabolic steroid products under the Controlled Substances Act. This action is part of the ongoing implementation of the Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990.     

Revision of the requirements for live vaccine processing; confirmation of effective date. Direct final rule; confirmation of effective date

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is confirming the effective date of March 18, 2008, for the direct final rule that appeared in the Federal Register of October 18, 2007 (72 FR 59000). The direct final rule amends the biologics regulations by providing options to the existing requirements for the processing of live vaccines. This document confirms the effective date of the direct final rule.