Population genetic study in two Transylvanian populations using forensically informative autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR markers

Our study provides population genetic data on two population samples collected in a Hungarian speaking region of Transylvania, Romania. Allele frequency and profile databases were generated on 17 autosomal STR loci (D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, VWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, Penta E and Penta D) as well as at the 12 European Y-STR extended haplotype loci (DYS19, DYS389-I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385 loci, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439). Data were compared to a Central Hungarian (Budapest region) population sample [B. Egyed, S. Füredi, M. Angyal, L. Boutrand, A. Vandenberghe, J. Woller, Z. Padar, Analysis of eight STR loci in two Hungarian populations, Forensic Sci. Int. 113 (2000) 25-27] that was used as a reference group of the Hungarian population. Calculating the F(ST) indices and with the pairwise comparisons of interpopulation molecular variance (AMOVA) the two populations from Transylvania could be fit into the Hungarian population data showing less substructuring effects as compared to the previous findings in Hungary [B. Egyed, S. Füredi, M. Angyal, L. Boutrand, A. Vandenberghe, J. Woller, Z. Padar, Analysis of eight STR loci in two Hungarian populations, Forensic Sci. Int. 113 (2000) 25-27; B. Egyed, S. Füredi, M. Angyal, I. Balogh, L. Kalmar, Z. Padar, Analysis of the population heterogeneity in Hungary using fifteen forensically informative STR markers, Forensic Sci. Int. 158 (2005) 244-249].     

Application of HLA-DRB1 genotyping by oligonucleotide micro-array technology in forensic medicine

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is known to be the most complex polymorphic system in the human genome. Among all of the HLA loci, HLA-DRB1 has the second largest number of alleles. The purpose of this study is to develop an oligonucleotide micro-array based HLA-DRB1 typing system for use in forensic identification, anthropology, tissue transplantation, and other genetic research fields. The system was developed by analyzing the HLA-DRB1 (DRB1) genotypes in 1198 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals originating from various parts of China and residing in Shanghai, China. METHOD: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with the oligonucleotide micro-array technology was used to detect and type HLA-DRB1 alleles of the sample individuals. The reliability, sensitivity, consistency and specificity were evaluated for use in forensic identification. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was carried out by comparing the allele frequencies of the HLA-DRB1 locus with those of other Chinese Han groups, Chinese minorities and other ethnic populations. RESULTS: All the DNA samples yielded a 273 bp amplification product, with no other amplification products in this length range. The minimum quantity of DNA detected by this method is 15 ng in a PCR reaction system of 25 microl. The population studied appeared to be not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), expected probability of exclusion (PE), polymorphic information content (PIC), and discrimination power (DP) of the HLA-DRB1 locus from the Shanghai Han ethnic group were evaluated to be 0.8022, 0.8870, 0.7741, 0.8771, 0.9750, respectively. A total of 25 HLA-DRB1 alleles were identified. HLA-DRB1*09XX, *04XX, *12XX and *15XX were the most frequent DRB1 alleles, which were observed in 58.76% of the sample. One hundred and sixteen genotypes were found. The five most frequent genotypes were: *04XX/*04XX (0.0626), *09XX/*09XX (0.0593), *04XX/*09XX (0.0551), *09XX/*15XX (0.0384) and *08XX/*12XX (0.0351). The meta-analysis showed that there were uniquely distributed features of DRB1 alleles among various ethnic populations and among the studied population groups from various regions with the same ethnic origin. CONCLUSIONS: An HLA-DRB1 genotyping system has been developed and established based on the oligonucleotide micro-array technology. The HLA-DRB1 typing of the Han population in Shanghai has revealed a relatively high heterogeneity. Information obtained in this study will be useful for medical and forensic applications as well as in anthropology research. Large-scale micro-array detection is highly accurate and reliable for DNA-based HLA-DRB1 genotyping. These results suggest that HLA-DRB1 DNA polymorphisms and the database of the Shanghai Han group have useful applications in processing forensic casework (as personal identification, paternity test), tracing population migration and genetic diagnosis.     

苏维埃民法中的民事法律关系

苏联专家玛·克依里洛娃曾于本年四月初在上海讲学,这是她的第一次报告.本文是根据当时口译记录下来,整理后送本刊发表的.原文未经报告人核对,如有错误,由记录人负责.     

各种鉴定意见的证据意义

鉴定人的意见是苏维埃刑事诉讼中的一种证据,它对揭发犯罪和认定案情有着重大意义.因此,应当向鉴定人的工作和他的意见提出一定的要求,以便保证正确地作出反映真实的结论.这些要求可以表述如下:第一,鉴定人用演绎法进行研究时所引用的作为大前提的原理和材料,应当严格地符合建立在用事实现象检证过的苏维埃科学最新成就的基础上.例如,"犯罪对策学中的同一认定,只能依靠那些已为实践检验过的并且本身是具有科学根据的材料."实践范畴造成我们认识相对性的这种情况,并不排斥作出反映真实结论的可能性.列宁说过:"……不要忘记:实践标准实质上决不能完全地确证或驳倒人的任何表象.这个标准同样是这样地'不确定'以便不致使人底知识变成'绝对',可是同时它又是这样地确定,以便和一切各种各样的唯心论与不可知论进行无情的斗争."第二,在作出鉴定结论时用作小前提的案情,应当在客观上是真实的.     

论工人阶级

关于工人阶级的概念“要按特性给工人阶级下个固定不变的定义是徒劳的。工人阶级只能按其在特定社会的生产或社会经济关系中,特别是按其在发展过程中的性质加以定义。”“有些观点认为,工人阶级是由那些具有‘剩余劳动’,直接创造剩余价值的人构成。如照字面理解,工人阶级就只是由在物质生产中的体力劳动者构成,因为只有体力劳动者才直接从事全社会的劳动。我认为,这个定义是侧重把工人阶级的概念局限于体力劳动……”     

英国汽车在柬埔寨的市塲上很有销路

1962年间,柬埔寨从英国进口的貨值达1亿零9百万瑞爾(柬元,下同),占柬埔寨进口总值的3.2％,此1961年英国所取得的成就(4.5％)減少甚多。泰晤士·商人牌(Thames Trader)卡車和馬塞·弗古逊牌(Massey Fergusson)拖拉机佔車辆进口值的4,150万瑞爾。 泰晤士牌卡車在当地市場上很暢銷,因为它每辆的售价(包括征稅)才20万瑞爾,而美国卡車的售价是26万瑞爾。侭管和柬埔寨签訂了貿易協定的社会主义国家有意在这方面进行竞爭,但无法和英国的泰晤士·商人牌卡車相对抗。     

文莱1964年的財政預算

根据文莱国家财政官员李约翰的报告说,以文莱在1963年年底的财政状况看来,它是令人兴奋的。这一年财政开支看来不超过5千1百万元(马元,下同),而岁收则约有1亿2千6百万元。财政结余将为国家的贮备金增加到8亿6千6百万元。 由于石油生产量的下降,1964年的岁收将比1963年减少,只有1亿零7百万元。1964年的开支预算估     

亚洲人口会議——1963年12月10日至12日在印度新德里召开

印度尼西亚人似乎依然对控制生育和家庭計划生育的好处表示怀疑;否則,在1963年12月10日至20日在新德里举行的人口会議上,就会一致表示同意有必要用对亚洲的人口控制問題进行現代探索。     

一个马来人保留区中的橡胶生产力和收入

1.导言本文将试图对马来亚一个有着丰富生产潜力的橡胶小农园区的贫穷原因进行分析.被研究的地区是乌鲁雪兰莪县.巴冬加里区的一个马来人保留区.农村和工业发展局所属的经济计划组,在作者的指导下,于1959年下半年至1960年上半年在该地进行了一次调查研究.这次调查所确定的各种事实已由农村和工业发展局经济计划组人员,整理成两篇文件.作者必需对这两篇文件的作者们表示感谢,因为他们尤许作者应用了这两篇文件的某些材料.但是,本文所提出的分析,却是崭新的.