Elevated and similar urinary testosterone/epitestosterone ratio in all samples of a competition testing: suspicion of a manipulation

The case of seven urine samples collected for anti-doping purposes during a cycling stage race with moderately elevated testosterone and epitestosterone ratio (T/E) is reported. The very low probability of having all seven urine samples with such similar elevated T/E ratio (from 3.2 to 4.7) was very suspicious. Different pattern classification tools were tested to categorize the most similar steroid profiles, but none of the models enabled a clear classification of the different urine samples. Subsequently, genetic profiling of all urine samples was performed and demonstrated that three of the seven samples were collected from the same cyclist. Finally, the International Federation confirmed DNA profiling results. This suggests that urinary steroid data using several methodologies are not appropriate for identification purposes and to an extent not unique to individuals.     

Iatrogenically-related, fatal methotrexate intoxication: a series of four cases

Since the early eighties, the folic antagonist methotrexate (MTX) has been used in long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Because of the high toxic potential clinical and laboratory controls at regular intervals and patient education in order to avoid misadventure is of overriding importance. We present four cases of fatal MTX intoxication due to medical malpractice from the Tübingen Institute of Forensic Medicine autopsy material, which show the severe consequences of MTX overdose. It becomes evident that among non-rheumatologists there still is need for information about toxicity and dose limitation in MTX low-dose treatment.     

A quantitative differentiation method for plastic bags by infrared spectroscopy, thickness measurement and differential scanning calorimetry for tracing the source of illegal drugs

Fifty shopping bags, commonly encountered in the packaging of drug doses, were characterized by thickness measurements, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. By these very straightforward and inexpensive techniques, without sample preparation, nearly all the considered samples could be discriminated. Ninety-seven percent of the possible pairs of white, apparently similar dull polymer films were differentiated. The rather large degree of variability existing in grocery bags, even though they are mass produced, was shown, confirming that these items can be useful in tracing the source of illicit drug doses.     

苏维埃民法中的民事法律关系

苏联专家玛·克依里洛娃曾于本年四月初在上海讲学,这是她的第一次报告.本文是根据当时口译记录下来,整理后送本刊发表的.原文未经报告人核对,如有错误,由记录人负责.     

各种鉴定意见的证据意义

鉴定人的意见是苏维埃刑事诉讼中的一种证据,它对揭发犯罪和认定案情有着重大意义.因此,应当向鉴定人的工作和他的意见提出一定的要求,以便保证正确地作出反映真实的结论.这些要求可以表述如下:第一,鉴定人用演绎法进行研究时所引用的作为大前提的原理和材料,应当严格地符合建立在用事实现象检证过的苏维埃科学最新成就的基础上.例如,"犯罪对策学中的同一认定,只能依靠那些已为实践检验过的并且本身是具有科学根据的材料."实践范畴造成我们认识相对性的这种情况,并不排斥作出反映真实结论的可能性.列宁说过:"……不要忘记:实践标准实质上决不能完全地确证或驳倒人的任何表象.这个标准同样是这样地'不确定'以便不致使人底知识变成'绝对',可是同时它又是这样地确定,以便和一切各种各样的唯心论与不可知论进行无情的斗争."第二,在作出鉴定结论时用作小前提的案情,应当在客观上是真实的.     

论工人阶级

关于工人阶级的概念“要按特性给工人阶级下个固定不变的定义是徒劳的。工人阶级只能按其在特定社会的生产或社会经济关系中,特别是按其在发展过程中的性质加以定义。”“有些观点认为,工人阶级是由那些具有‘剩余劳动’,直接创造剩余价值的人构成。如照字面理解,工人阶级就只是由在物质生产中的体力劳动者构成,因为只有体力劳动者才直接从事全社会的劳动。我认为,这个定义是侧重把工人阶级的概念局限于体力劳动……”     

英国汽车在柬埔寨的市塲上很有销路

1962年间,柬埔寨从英国进口的貨值达1亿零9百万瑞爾(柬元,下同),占柬埔寨进口总值的3.2％,此1961年英国所取得的成就(4.5％)減少甚多。泰晤士·商人牌(Thames Trader)卡車和馬塞·弗古逊牌(Massey Fergusson)拖拉机佔車辆进口值的4,150万瑞爾。 泰晤士牌卡車在当地市場上很暢銷,因为它每辆的售价(包括征稅)才20万瑞爾,而美国卡車的售价是26万瑞爾。侭管和柬埔寨签訂了貿易協定的社会主义国家有意在这方面进行竞爭,但无法和英国的泰晤士·商人牌卡車相对抗。     

文莱1964年的財政預算

根据文莱国家财政官员李约翰的报告说,以文莱在1963年年底的财政状况看来,它是令人兴奋的。这一年财政开支看来不超过5千1百万元(马元,下同),而岁收则约有1亿2千6百万元。财政结余将为国家的贮备金增加到8亿6千6百万元。 由于石油生产量的下降,1964年的岁收将比1963年减少,只有1亿零7百万元。1964年的开支预算估     

亚洲人口会議——1963年12月10日至12日在印度新德里召开

印度尼西亚人似乎依然对控制生育和家庭計划生育的好处表示怀疑;否則,在1963年12月10日至20日在新德里举行的人口会議上,就会一致表示同意有必要用对亚洲的人口控制問題进行現代探索。     

一个马来人保留区中的橡胶生产力和收入

1.导言本文将试图对马来亚一个有着丰富生产潜力的橡胶小农园区的贫穷原因进行分析.被研究的地区是乌鲁雪兰莪县.巴冬加里区的一个马来人保留区.农村和工业发展局所属的经济计划组,在作者的指导下,于1959年下半年至1960年上半年在该地进行了一次调查研究.这次调查所确定的各种事实已由农村和工业发展局经济计划组人员,整理成两篇文件.作者必需对这两篇文件的作者们表示感谢,因为他们尤许作者应用了这两篇文件的某些材料.但是,本文所提出的分析,却是崭新的.