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881.
This article attempts to illustrate the utility of isoquant map analysis from the field of production theory in microeconomics for the analysis of criminal justice data. Cross-national comparisons of aggregate crime and justice data are used to demonstrate the ability of this technique to reveal important patterns that are often obscured by simple rate comparisons and multivariate treatments such as pooled time-series analysis. For each jurisdiction, aggregate trends in criminal justice processing rates are systematically analyzed as a sequence of two-input production processes: gross imprisonment rates (prison population divided by resident population) can be partitioned in terms of the crime rate and punitiveness (prison population divided by the number of offenses); punitiveness can, in turn, be partitioned in terms of severity and certainty of punishment; certainty of punishment can then be partitioned, seriatim, in terms of the incarceration rate, the conviction rate, and the arrest or clearance rate and the rate at which citizens report crimes. Cross-national data collected by Farrington, Langan, and Wikström are used to illustrate the utility of the method for displaying comparisons of the decomposition of aggregate criminal justice data for the United States, England, and Sweden. 相似文献
882.
883.
James P. Robinson Dennis C. Turk John D. Loeser 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2004,32(2):315-326
Physicians use the American Medical Association's Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 5th edition to evaluate millions of disability applicants each year. As major contributors to the chapter in the Guides devoted to assessing impairment associated with pain, we confronted the difficulties of incorporating pain into the Guides' overall evaluation system. Analysis of these difficulties is complicated by the paucity of research on the Guides, and by ambiguities and contradictions that pervade it. We propose that the ambiguities can be reduced if impairment is consistently defined in terms of organ or body part derangement, and disability in terms of activity limitations at the level of the whole person. We also propose a distinction between objective factors that may influence a person's ability to perform activities following injury. We suggest that when physicians examine disability applicants, they should evaluate both objective measures of organ or body part dysfunction and subjective reports of applicants -- especially ones regarding pain. We conclude that a comprehensive medical evaluation of disability applicant encompasses more than an impairment assessment. 相似文献
884.
中共天津市和平区委统战部 《天津市社会主义学院学报》2004,(3):6-8
和平区社会主义学校成立于1999年。多年来,在区委、区政府,各民主党派区级组织、区党校和有关部门的关心、支持下,我们坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,坚持正确的办学方向,充分发挥区社校在统战教育培训中的主阵地作用,开拓进取,努力使区社校成为培养统一战线人 相似文献
885.
The case history of a suicide due to 120 stab wounds of the chest is presented. The victim was a 41 years old man with a paranoid-hallucinative psychosis. The problem to distinguish homicides and suicides is discussed by the well-known criminalistic and forensic-medical criterias. Induced by this very unusual case the autopsy material with stab wounds was analyzed retrospectively (n = 246, out of about 14,000 autopsies at the Institut of Forensic Medicine in Hamburg). Cases with more than 40 single lesions are normally homicides. However, the pattern of the injuries is more important than the number--especially in doubtful cases. 相似文献
886.
Group-specific component imaging from trace material using isoelectric focussing and electroblotting
GC-subtyping was carried out on blood stains, that had been made on glass and stored under room temperature-conditions. Using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, followed by transfer to nitrocellulose membrane by semi-dry-electroblotting and detection with enzyme-linked antibody complex the GC-detection was possible even after 64 days. Methodical problems are discussed. 相似文献
887.
Matthew P. Drennan 《Public Budgeting & Finance》1994,14(2):103-125
The state and city of New York have chronic fiscal difficulties, namely, expenditures that tend to exceed revenues by significant amounts. The deficits were moderate in the 1980s but have become large and acute in the 1990s as the state and city economies have been in a prolonged recession. Deficits are expected to continue well into the future. Supply side factors, particularly high wage levels, are the main causes of the state's deficits. For the city, supply side factors, particularly high employment, and demand side factors are main causes. Federal aid reduction is a minor cause. The city's fiscal condition is compared with that of the thirty other largest U.S. cities in a regression analysis which updates Gramlich's analysis of the period immediately before the famous New York City fiscal crisis of 1975. 相似文献
888.
Industry stakeholders and Internet experts generally agree that networks using Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), an Internet
communications standard which is being promoted strongly by many parties, would be technically superior to today’s networks,
which are largely based on IPv4. The improvements designed for IPv6 could provide numerous benefits to Internet users, network
administrators, and applications developers; among these potential benefits are cost reductions due to improved security and
increased efficiency, improvements to existing products and services, and innovations leading to new products and services.
However, there is wide disagreement about the characteristics and timing of benefits associated with IPv6, and the costs associated
with the transition could be substantial. In this paper, we will discuss the likely costs of a transition to IPv6 for the
major stakeholders and the potential benefits. Subsequently, we will introduce the cost impact of an accelerated adoption
case and discuss potential ways in which the government could become involved in the process.
This paper is based on a broader study funded by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) and
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We wish to thank Greg Tassey, Fred Lee, Tim Sloan, B. Keith Fulton,
John Streck, and Baran Erkel for comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this paper. 相似文献
889.
890.