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191.
192.
V B Breiting K Helweg-Larsen H Staugaard O Aalund S B Albrektsen L Danielsen J Jacobsen H Kjaerulff J L Thomsen 《Forensic science international》1989,41(3):285-294
As part of an European-South American study of deliberate violence cases of violence against women greater than or equal to 15 years of age and violence against and among children under the age of 15 years were registered at 3 Danish emergency wards and at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen. 352 cases of violence against women and 46 cases of violence against children were registered in the three emergency wards corresponding to rates of about 1.6/1000 per year for women, 0.6/1000 per year for boys and 0.7/1000 per year for girls in a provincial/rural district, the catchment region of Holbaek County Hospital, 3.4/1000 per year for women, 2.8/1000 per year for boys and 0.6/1000 per year for girls in a mainly middle income area of the metropolis Copenhagen, the catchment region of Frederiksberg Hospital, and 4.0/1000 per year for women, 4.0/1000 per year for boys and 0.9/1000 per year for girls in a mainly low income area of Copenhagen, the catchment region of the Rigshospital. Nineteen live adult female victims and 17 dead adult female victims of violence were registered in the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen, where also one was registered as a victim of homicide. Nearly half of the adult live female victims of violence had been injured at home while this was the case for approximately three fourth of the dead victims. In 35% of the live cases the husband was the aggressor and in 12% a former cohabitant. In 71% of the homicide cases the husband was the aggressor. The live women appeared to have fewer but more serious lesions than men. The pattern of deliberate violence against women appears to be associated with socio-economic and cultural factors. In cases with a preceding quarrel there is statistically a link to alcohol intoxication. In half of the cases of violence against children the aggressor was known to the victim, in 15% the aggressor was one of the parents, while 42% of the cases were violence among children. The pattern of violence according to sex, and the distribution and severity of lesions for 10-14 years old children showed resemblance to the situation for adults. The lesions were more serious in young infant victims, especially boys, than in adult victims. 相似文献
193.
DNA from human whole blood samples was digested with the restriction enzyme HinfI and RFLP analysis performed using the single locus probes MS1, MS31, MS43a and YNH24. The intergel variation of 3291 duplicate measurements of fragment lengths in terms of basepairs was investigated. The difference between two measurements of the same fragment on different gels increased approximately exponentially with increasing fragment length. After transformation of the fragment length into a normalized migration distance it was found that the difference between two transformed measurements was normally distributed with a S.D. (0.70 mm) which was independent of the fragment length. The errors of band 1 and band 2 on the same lane were correlated (r2 = 0.8). It is useful in the calculation of frequencies and in retrieval procedures and also in the calculation of likelihood ratios to be able to use a S.D. which is independent of the fragment length. 相似文献
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Digoxin was determined in postmortem serum samples from 100 patients who died suddenly of cardiac disease. Twenty patients had digoxin levels below the therapeutic range. Twenty-one patients had normal values within the therapeutic range (1.2-2.5 nmol/l). In ten cases there was probably an overdosage. Another 15 patients had markedly elevated levels. No digoxin concentration was found (below 0.5 nmol/l) in 34 patients. The importance of determination of digoxin levels both by the clinician and the pathologist is stressed as well as the necessity of using a correct sampling technique at autopsy. 相似文献
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197.
Supravital electrical excitability of muscles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new method of postmortem electrical stimulation of muscles, measuring the force of the reaction against time, is presented. Preliminary investigations have yielded the following results: The maximum force of reaction in response to a definitive stimulation, measured by a sensitive force transducer, decreases in proportion to the post mortem interval. Using this method, the mechanical reactions of muscles by electrical stimulation can be demonstrated over a much longer postmortem period as these movements are visible. The duration of postmortem reaction of different muscles seems to be much more uniform than was previously assumed. Occasionally, reactions of the M. orbicularis oculi can be seen for the longest time. The basal muscular tonus changes relative to time. The time course of a single force reaction also changes relative to the postmortal interval: the reaction becomes slower. It has been theoretically established that measurement of influencing factors such as temperature and pH in the tested muscle will enable the time of death to be more precisely estimated. 相似文献
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Diquat can be extracted with 1-butanol from high pH solution in the presence of several moderate reductants. The red colored reduced compound of diquat in water turns to a purple compound in 1-butanol. The absorption of the purple compound is 0.105 at 383 nm and 0.119 at 520 nm in 1 microgram diquat/ml 1-butanol. The latter value is a little higher than that of the red compound at 495 nm in water. The purple compound is much more stable than the red compound in water. More than 80% of 10 ppm diquat added can be extracted from serum, blood, tissues, urine and some drinks. The extraction with 1-butanol is useful for concentration of diquat contained in large volume. The lower limit of detection is 0.1 microgram/ml 1-butanol. Paraquat is insoluble in 1-butanol under the same condition. Therefore, this method is applicable for the determination of diquat when paraquat is also contained in the solution. 相似文献
200.
This paper explores the linkages between development, “appropriate” administrative technology and the training of development managers. In so doing, it traces the intimate relationships between development administration, conceptual paradigms and administrative know-how as a scientific and technological system. Orthodoxy, neo-orthodoxy and critical paradigms are discussed and a number of elements to reformulate a development administration paradigm are considered. Based upon this discussion the paper concludes with a tentative outline identifying training needs for development managers and a number of observations about such training: its “appropriatness”, professionalisation and the issue of international cooperation. 相似文献