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Dr. Elke Ditscherlein 《Natur und Recht》2005,27(5):305-311
Eigentümer von land-, forst oder fischereiwirtschaftlich nutzbaren Grundflächen unterhalb der Mindestgröße eines Eigenjagdgebietes werden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Jagdgenossenschaften vereinigt. Die Grundstücke der Mitglieder einer Jagdgenossenschaft bilden einen gemeinschaftlichen Jagdbezirk, der meist durch Verpachtung genutzt wird. Nicht wenige Grundstückseigentümer lehnen jedoch die Jagd auf ihrem Grund und Boden sowie die Zwangsmitgliedschaft in einer Jagdgenossenschaft ab. Die Thematik wird im Folgenden aus dem Blickwinkel der Erwägungen des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte (EGMR) im Urteil vom 29. 4. 1999
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im Fall Chassagnou und andere gegen die Republik Frankreich erörtert. Während der Luxemburger Verwaltungshof
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eine Zwangsvereinigung in Jagdsyndikaten im Hinblick auf die Entscheidung des EGMR für unzulässig erklärte, urteilte das OVG Koblenz
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abschlägig über die Klage eines die Jagd ablehnenden Grundstückseigentümers, der die Feststellung begehrte, nicht Mitglied in einer Jagdgenossenschaft zu sein.
1) EGMR (Große Kammer), Urt. v. 29. 4. 1999—25088/94; 28331/95; 28443/95, NJW 1999, 3695.2) Tribunal administratif du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Urt. v. 13.7. 2004.3) OVG Koblenz, Urt. v. 13. 7. 2004—8 A 10216/04. 相似文献
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Elke Winter 《Swiss Political Science Review》2009,15(1):133-168
Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Konstruktion multikultureller nationaler Identität am Beispiel Kanadas. Mittels einer Untersuchung ausgewählter Artikel zweier großer kanadischer Zeitungen, der Globe and Mail und der Toronto Star in den 1990er Jahren wird gezeigt, dass sowohl Kanada-USA Gegenüberstellungen als auch Vergleiche des englischsprachigen Kanadas mit dem französischsprachigen Quebec eine wichtige Rolle für die Konstruktion des Mythos “multikulturelles Kanada” spielen. Die mittels der Fallstudie gewonnenen Einsichten werden anschließend dazu genutzt, zwei in der Fachliteratur gängige Darstellungen des Kanada-Quebec Verhältnisses zu nuancieren und die Konstruktion eines multikulturellen nationalen Selbstverständnisses theoretisch zu erfassen. 相似文献
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Elke Krahmann 《European Security》2013,22(2):277-295
Abstract Controversial cases such as the aborted coup in Equatorial Guinea and the employment of private contractors in the Abu Ghraib prison have brought the proliferation of private ‘mercenaries’ to worldwide attention. However, the privatization of military security is more diverse and complex than generally suggested. Specifically, one needs to distinguish between the use of private mercenaries in developing countries and the privatization of military services in Europe. Focussing on the latter, this article proposes that the privatization of military services in industrialized countries can be understood in terms of a shift from ‘government’ to ‘governance’. As a consequence, the emergence of a private military industry in Europe is not only characterized by distinct forms of governance failure; European governments have also developed new modes of governance to control the industry. Using the United Kingdom and Germany as examples, this article examines two modes in particular: public private partnerships and governmental regulation. 相似文献
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Elke Zuern 《Democratization》2013,20(3):585-603
Do Africans tend to view democracy in more procedural or more substantive terms? This article argues that African endorsements of liberal and procedural understandings are not as pervasive as much of the literature on democratization suggests. Drawing upon Afrobarometer survey results as well as extensive fieldwork and interviews conducted over the past decade in South Africa, it demonstrates both the historical development and significance of these definitional understandings. By employing a substantive approach and thereby bringing questions of poverty and material inequality to the centre of the analysis, this article seeks to offer a perspective on democratization that helps to explain many of the challenges to the institutionalization of democratic regimes that procedural understandings fail to capture. 相似文献
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Elke Fein 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2005,46(1):168-172
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Elke Krahmann 《冲突、安全与发展》2005,5(2):247-268
Even before Iraq, the grow ing use of private military contractors has been widely discussed in the academic and public literature. However, the reasons for the proliferation of private military companies and its implications are frequently generalized due to a lack of suitable theoretical approaches for the analysis of private means of violence in contemporary security. Consequently, this article contends, the analysis of the growth of the private military industry typically conflates two separate developments: the failure of some developing states to provide for their national security and the privatization of military services in industrialized nations in Europe and North America. This article focuses on the latter and argues that the concept of security governance can be used as a theoretical framework for understanding the distinct development, problems and solutions for the governance of the private military industry in developed countries. 相似文献
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External post-mortem examination and first police assessments are often not consistent with subsequent autopsy results. This is all the more surprising the more serious the injuries found at autopsy are. Such discrepancies result especially from an absence of gross external injuries, as demonstrated by four examples. A 42-year-old, externally uninjured male was found at night time in a helpless condition in the street and died in spite of resuscitation. Autopsy showed severe polytrauma with traumatic brain injury and lesions of the thoracic and abdominal organs. A jump from the third floor was identified as the cause. At dawn, a twenty-year-old male was found dead on the grounds of the adjacent house. Because of the blood-covered head the police assumed a traumatic head injury by strike impact. The external examination revealed only abrasions on the forehead and to a minor extent on the back. At autopsy a midfacial fracture, a trauma of the thorax and abdomen and fractures of the spine and pelvis were detected. Afterwards investigations showed that the man, intoxicated by alcohol, had fallen from the flat roof of a multistoried house. A 77-year-old man was found unconscious on his terrace at day time; a cerebral seizure was assumed. He was transferred to emergency care where he died. The corpse was externally inconspicuous. Autopsy revealed serious traumatic injuries of the brain, thorax, abdomen and pelvis, which could be explained by a fall from the balcony. A 47-year-old homeless person without any external injuries was found dead in a barn. An alcohol intoxication was assumed. At autopsy severe injuries of the brain and cervical spine were found which were the result of a fall from a height of 5 m. Conclusion: On the basis of an external post-mortem examination alone gross blunt force trauma cannot be reliably excluded. 相似文献
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Apparently, fatal poisoning as cause of death are still rarely found in unnatural deaths investigated in the institutes of forensic medicine. In the Institute of Forensic Medicine at the University of Greifswald, 10-15% of the post-mortem autopsies displayed an intoxication during the last several decades with a possible decreasing tendency. Thirteen thousand eight hundred and nineteen autopsies were carried out in our institute-situated in a low populated rural area-during the last 50 years with the confirmed death cause intoxication in 1,589 times. In this study, especially the intoxication causes and the substance classes of the poisonous agents have been investigated. In addition, we analyzed the frequency of intoxications as well as sex and age of the deceased. Surprisingly, CO-intoxications were found most frequently with an incidence of 49% followed by alcohol intoxications with 21%. The latter was not unexpected taking into account the habits of the local population. Medical drugs and narcotics take only the third place, although the abuse of modern narcotics drugs is already visible even in the far east of Germany. The spectrum of substances which are abused, taken accidentally or deliberately is continuously changing, reflecting scientific progress in the pharmaceutical industry as well as fashion tendencies. Therapeutic use is almost always followed by abuse. Our results confirm prior experience concentrating mostly on other poisons like heavy metals or herbicides, etc. In addition, we could demonstrate the influence of political conditions on use and distribution of illegal drugs in Germany. Our study clearly demonstrates that insufficient equipment or analytical methods are no longer the reason for any problems uncovering lethal intoxications. They are rather due to insufficient investigations of the corpses (without considering the possibility of an intoxication as differential diagnosis) and to frequent mistakes of the prosecutor's office in death without signs of physical violence. These facts may explain the above mentioned decreasing tendency of intoxications, but they also clarify that this tendency probably does not correspond to reality. 相似文献