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101.
Intimate Partner Violence in Extremely Poor Women: Longitudinal Patterns and Risk Markers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Despite high revalence rates of intimate partner violence in the lives of extremely poor women with dependent children, few
studies have investigated the patterns of violence that occur over time, and the characteristics of women that serve as risk
markers for partner violence. This paper describes patterns of domestic violence longitudinally and uses multivariate analyses
to delineate childhood and adult risk markers for recent intimate partner violence in this population of women. Analyses draw
upon a sample of 436 homeless and extremely poor housed mothers receiving welfare, in a mid-sized city in Massachusetts with
a large Hispanic population of Puerto Rican descent and relatively fewer Blacks. We found that among women with complete longitudinal
data (N=280), almost two-thirds experienced intimate partner violence at some point during their adult life by the end of study follow-up,
and that the abuse before and after the baseline interview was episodic and limited over time. To examine the role of individual
women's factors, while controlling for partner characteristics, we used baseline data on women who had been partnered during
the past year (N=336). Among childhood predictors, we found that sexual molestation contributed most significantly to adult intimate partner
violence that occurred during the past year prior to the baseline interview. Adult risk markers included inadequate emotional
support from non-professionals, poor self-esteem, and a partner with substance abuse problems. Having a partner with poor
work history was another independent predictor of recent abuse. Ethnicity did not significantly predict whether women were
abused or not during the past year, contrary to other findings reported in the literature. 相似文献
102.
Jay S. Albanese 《Trends in Organized Crime》2005,8(4):6-14
In the same way that larceny characterized much of twentieth century, fraud will likely characterize the twenty-first century.
Larceny remains the most common oi all serious crimes, but fraud may overtake larceny as the crime of choice in the future,
because of changes in our ownership, storage, and movement of property. Fraud involves purposely obtaining the property of
another through deception, and its popularity as a crime of choice is growing. Entrusting property to the custody oi others,
storing property at remote locations, and electronic movement of property are shown to be major changes in the way we treat
property and increase opportunities for theft. The connection between fraud and many of the serious crimes of the twenty-first
century are shown in the facts of recent cases. The motivation of thefl behind many frauds is also shown to be used to fund
larger criminal objectives, such as illegal immigration and terrorism.
The points of view expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position or policies of the U.S. Department
of Justice. Dr. Albanese is chief of the International Center at NIJ on leave from his position as professor of Government
and Public Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University. 相似文献
103.
The link between resource deprivation and urban violence has long been explored in criminological research. Studies, however, have largely ignored the potential for resource deprivation in particular communities to affect rates of violence in others. The relative inattention is notable because of the strong theoretical grounds to anticipate influences that extend both to geographically contiguous areas and to those that, though not contiguous, share similar social characteristics. We argue that such influences—what we term spatial and social proximity effects, respectively—constitute a central feature of community dynamics. To support this argument, we develop and test theoretically derived hypotheses about spatial and social proximity effects of resource deprivation on aggregated and disaggregated homicide counts. Our analyses indicate that local area resource deprivation contributes to violence in socially proximate communities, an effect that, in the case of instrumental homicides, is stronger when such communities are spatially proximate. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories focused on community‐level social processes and violence, and for policies aimed at reducing crime in disadvantaged areas. 相似文献
104.
Forrest S. Mosten 《Family Court Review》2007,45(1):5-11
Family lawyers are major beneficiaries of the reforms set out in the Family Law Education Reform Project (FLER) Report. This commentary from a veteran family law practitioner explores the needs of the family law bar for the training of law students in practical, interdisciplinary, client‐centered lawyering that goes beyond the traditional case method. I trace many of the current innovations evolving in family law practice and how FLER reforms will not only benefit law schools but also have a major impact in the courts and private practice sector. 相似文献
105.
Stephen Kershnar 《Law and Philosophy》2007,26(5):437-463
In two recent cases, Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306. (2003) and Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244. (2003), the Supreme
Court held that the Equal Protection Clause permitted state schools to use race-sensitive admissions in order to obtain the
educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body. The diversity-based argument for race-sensitive admissions, scholarships,
awards, and other opportunities at universities should have been rejected because it does not consider the full range of costs
and benefits and because the more narrow educational effects probably weigh against such programs. However, this does not
suggest that applicants’ race, ethnicity, and gender should be ignored. Rather the same consideration that led to the defeat
of the diversity argument, i.e., reasoning capacity, supports the consideration of demographic factors. However, attention
to such factors further undermines the consequentialist case for affirmative action. 相似文献
106.
107.
Dean G. Pruitt Robert S. Peirce Neil B. McGillicuddy Gary L. Welton Lynn M. Castrianno 《Law and human behavior》1993,17(3):313-330
This article reports the results of a study of the antecedents of long-term success in community mediation. Seventy-three mediation sessions were recorded and content analyzed. The participants were interviewed at two points: immediately after mediation and 4 to 8 months later. No relationship was found between the quality of the agreements—i.e., the extent to which they solved immediate problems- and long-term success as measured by compliance, improved relations between the parties, and the absence of new problems. On the other hand, joint problem solving by the disputants was related to complainant perceptions of improved relations with the other party. Also respondent perceptions that the mediation had been fair and that all the problems had come out were related to all aspects of long-term success in the eyes of the complainant. The latter results support a procedural justice analysis of mediation and underline the importance of mediator attention to the respondent. 相似文献
108.
109.
ROBERT S. SUMMERS 《Ratio juris》2005,18(2):129-143
Abstract. The four theses of this paper are: (1) that an appropriate organizational form is used to design, define, and organize a functional unit of a legal system, (2) that the functional units of a legal system, contrary to the emphasis in Hart and Kelsen, consist of far more than rules, and include institutions, interpretive and other methodologies, sanctions and remedies, and more, (3) that frontal and systematic study of the forms of these units is a major avenue for advancing understanding of them as duly organized wholes, and, (4) that such study reveals that much credit is due these forms, along with complementary material or other components of the units, for values realized through law. 相似文献
110.
Wolfgang Durner 《Natur und Recht》2010,32(12):900-900