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221.
Two studies using vignettes explore some conditions under which equity, equality, and need as allocation rules are taken into
account by an outside allocator. Independent variables include information about success or failure of a work group, level
of morale of the group, relative contributions of work group members, responsibility for outcome, and influence of one individual
on others. Results suggest that differentiation based on both equity and need results from a focus on individual deserving
while equality among status equals results from focus on group level factors. An interaction between outcome and contribution
appears when group level factors are included; these effects also appear when there are two rather than only one target person
differing from the rest of a group; an overreward effect depends on attributions of responsibility for outcome; and an influential
member is seen as deserving even if a low contributor. No gender differences were found. 相似文献
222.
Gregory C. Elliott 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1988,17(1):41-57
This study investigates the relationship between two primary motivational components of the self-concept: self-esteem and self-consistency. Past research has shown that high self-esteem is associated with greater consistency. Developed from theories of the self-concept, a structural model relating these two constructs was posited such that (1) self-esteem is causally prior to self-consistency, and (2) the effect of self-esteem is (at least partially) mediated by other components of the self-concept (self-consciousness, the tendency to fantasize, and the tendency to present a false front by hiding one's feelings). Utilizing a structural equation model with unobserved variables, an analysis of covariance structures was applied simultaneously but separately to data from a sample of boys and girls (ages 8–19). Results showed that the direct effect of self-esteem on self-consistency was stronger for boys than for girls. Further, the mediational properties of the other self-concept components also varied across gender. These differences are interpreted in light of theories of gender socialization.The research reported in this article was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH 27747) to Morris Rosenberg. A version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Chicago, Illinois, August 17–21, 1987. Analysis was facilitated by the Computer Center, Brown University, and the Computer Science Center, University of Maryland.Received Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. His major research interest include the self-concept of young children, fairness in social relationships, and impression management. 相似文献
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Wendi?PollockEmail author Milton?C.?Hill Scott?Menard Delbert?S.?Elliott 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2016,41(4):623-644
National Youth Survey Family Study (NYSFS) respondents were examined to identify the characteristics of individuals and their sociological environments, that would make them more likely to have consistency between self reported and officially recorded records of arrest. Somewhat surprisingly, it was found that those most likely to be at risk of arrest (males, high exposure to delinquent friends, higher level of substance use) are more likely to have consistency between officially recorded and self-reported arrests. Findings will be helpful in both producing more accurate information on arrests and in increasing sensitivity to the possibility of bias in arrest records that may be based on sociodemographic or behavioral characteristics of the individual. 相似文献
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Tyler Tom Katsaros Matt Meares Tracey Venkatesh Sudhir 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2021,17(1):109-127
Journal of Experimental Criminology - The purpose of these studies is to examine whether the procedural justice of a social media platform enforcement system for content moderation shapes... 相似文献
229.
Rhea Arya MS Brittany C. Hudson PhD Tracey Dawson Green PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(6):2116-2127
While efforts have been made to reduce the pervasive backlog of sexual assault evidence collection kits, the actual laboratory process remains very time-consuming due to the requirement of a differential lysis step before DNA purification, as well as intricate mixture analysis towards the end of the DNA workflow. Recently, an alternative, direct-to-amplification sperm lysis method (using 1 M NaOH) was identified. However, a direct cell lysis method for non-sperm cells has not been identified yet. Thus, the primary objective of this work was to find an alternative method that is quick, inexpensive, and does not require multiple purification steps for the lysis of non-sperm cells in sexual assault samples. In this study, vaginal swab samples were lysed with the control method, prepGEM™, as well as six alternative reagents: alkaline buffer with 25–200 mM NaOH, high-salt stain extraction buffer, modified radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer, mammalian protein extraction reagent (M-PER™), digitonin buffer, and urea/thiourea buffer. Quantification using Quantifiler® Trio of vaginal and semen lysates revealed that the alkaline (25 mM NaOH) and M-PER™ methods were efficient for the lysis of vaginal epithelial cells without substantial sperm cell lysis. Following quantification, analysis of STR profiles from vaginal lysates revealed that the M-PER™ method showed promising results across all metrics examined, including the percentage of detected STR alleles, mean peak heights, peak height ratio, and interlocus balance. Thus, this method was recommended as an alternative to the traditional differential lysis method for non-sperm cells given its ability to produce amplification-ready lysates without any DNA purification step. 相似文献
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