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791.
792.
793.
Sixty years before Carl Schmitt wrote his Political Theology, and more than a 100 years before President Bush announced a ‘war on terrorism’ the American Supreme Court grappled with the
difficult issue of emergency powers in connection with issues arising out of the American Civil War (1861–1865). The question
confronting the Court in a set of cases named the Prize Cases was whether President Lincoln’s decision to respond to acts of aggression by the secessionist Southern states with
measures of war was lawful. The legal problem was that Lincoln had made this decision unilaterally although the American Constitution
specifically allocates the power to declare war to Congress. The Court solved the dilemma by arguing that in cases where no
war has been declared, the decision whether the country is in a state of war is ultimately ‘a question to be decided by him [the President], and [the Supreme] Court must be governed by the decisions and acts of the political department of the Government
to which this power was entrusted’ (Prize, p. 669). The precedent, which the Court thereby laid down, has since played out as an important leverage for the Bush government’s
legal arguments in connection with the war on terrorism. This article engages the theoretical framework of Locke, Schmitt
and Agamben in order to come to a better understanding of this important set of cases. 相似文献
794.
In this paper we propose an original model of competition for effective political power between majority and opposition coalitions. The model indicates that the electoral margin of the majority and the fragmentation of both coalitions are key variables that determine their effective political power. We estimate the model in the case of the French départements. Our econometric results support the model and show that the per capita social expenditures in the French départements depend on the effective political power of the majority. 相似文献
795.
Limited Learning on College Campuses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
796.
In a recent contribution to Political Behavior (30:455–467), Panagopoulos, using aggregate turnout data, shows that individuals living under compulsory voting rules are
most likely to go to the polls when penalties for abstaining are both strict and routinely enforced. In this project, I expand
on the work of Panagopoulos by simultaneously examining both election-level and individual-level factors. I use a broad sample
of 36 countries, some with compulsory voting and some with voluntary rules, which provides a more detailed understanding of
the correlates of turnout. Results indicate that the presence and severity of compulsory rules do indeed affect turnout, while
personally held characteristics, including age, education, income, and political efficacy remain critical to an individual’s
turnout decision calculus. 相似文献
797.
798.
Paradoxically, the political success of human rights is often taken to be its philosophical failing. From US interventions
to International NGOs to indigenous movements, human rights have found a place in diverse political spaces, while being applied
to disparate goals and expressed in a range of practices. This heteronomy is vital to the global appeal of human rights, but
for traditional moral and political philosophy it is something of a scandal. This paper is an attempt to understand and theorize
human rights on the terrain of the social actors who put them to use, particularly radical activists that have a more critical
relationship to human rights. Attempting to avoid the philosophical pathology of demanding that the world reflect our conception
of it, we base our reflection on the ambiguous, and potentially un-patterned, texture of human rights practice—taking seriously
the idea that human rights express a relationship of power, importantly concerned with its legitimate arrangement and limitation.
In both the philosophical literature and human rights activism, there seems to be a consensus on basic rights as undeniable
moral principles of political legitimacy. This use of human rights is contrasted with radical social movements that reject
this conception of rights as ideological and illegitimate, making specific reference to the Zapatista movement (Chiapas, Mexico)
and the Landless Peasant Movement of Brazil (MST, from the Portuguese Movimento dos trabalhadores rurais Sem Terra), which
are critical of the human rights discourse, but also make strategic use of the idea and offer alternative articulations of
political legitimacy. 相似文献
799.
Yanyan?ZhangEmail author Eileen?Haddad Bernadeth?Torres Chuansheng?Chen 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(4):479-489
Previous research has consistently demonstrated the importance of parents’ expectations and adolescents’ expectations on adolescents’
academic achievement. Less is known, however, about the reciprocal relationships among these constructs. To address this issue,
we analyzed two waves of data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) using longitudinal cross-lagged path models. The sample consisted of 14,376 students (51.1% females; 6.5% Asian,
11.1% Hispanic, 9.2% African American, and 73.2% White). Results indicated that there was a reciprocal relationship between
parents’ expectations and adolescents’ expectations (i.e., they had mutual influence on each other). Moreover, there was a
reciprocal relationship between expectations (both parents’ and adolescents’) and adolescents’ academic achievement. Multiple-group
analyses of gender and ethnicity revealed that the effects of parents’ expectations on students’ expectations were stronger
among males than among females. With respect to ethnic differences, the effects of adolescents’ expectations were weakest
on parents’ expectations among African Americans as compared to the other ethnic groups (i.e., Asian, Hispanic and White).
Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
800.
Emily Clark 《Feminist Review(on-Line)》2011,98(1):173-189
The central issues raised in much of feminist literary theory's early scholarship remain prescient: how does narrative engage with the social‐historical? In what ways does it codify existing structures? How does it resist them? Whose stories are not being told, or read? In this article I use Doris Lessing's novel The Fifth Child (1988) as a text with which to begin to address the above questions by reading with attention to the mother story but also the ‘other’ stories operating both within and outside of the novel; in particular I am concerned with the convergence of maternity, disability and narrative. The novel's co-implication of sexual difference and corporeal difference reveals the ways in which the mother's story is both made possible and authorized by the disabled body of her child, and by his inability to tell his own story. Yet, if The Fifth Child is a horror story that uses the disabled child's body as its ground, it is also about the horror of maternity, in its conception and attendant choices. In this fictional story as well as in the social‐historical narrative circulating at the time of its publication in the late 1980s, both child and mother are indicted in their otherness and it is ultimately impossible to separate one from the other. 相似文献