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871.
The National Research Council (NRC) report on Improving Evaluation of Anticrime Programs presents and discusses a wide array
of techniques of evaluation. Although recognising the very high internal validity of randomised experiments, it considers,
under certain conditions, quasi-experiments and observational studies as equally valid approaches. This conclusion is critically
reviewed from a European perspective, where only a few randomised trials have been realised so far. It is argued that many
critiques routinely addressed to randomised experiments, such as ethical concerns or low acceptance among practitioners, are
either unfounded or can be adequately dealt with through imaginative adjustments. On the other hand, randomised controlled
trials need to take the challenge of broadening the perspective, especially by looking at long-term effects that no other
method can consider with comparable internal validity. Other recommendations include using innovative measures of re-offending,
considering dynamic rather than static criteria of re-offending, and looking, beyond re-offending, at rehabilitation in other
areas of life. Particular challenges are the possible placebo effects that evaluators in criminal justice have not yet found
appropriate ways to deal with.
相似文献
Martin KilliasEmail: |
872.
Flynn AM Alvarez J Jason LA Olson BD Ferrari JR Davis MI 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2006,31(1-2):111-119
The current study found that African American residents of Oxford House (OH) used Narcotics Anonymous (NA) at high rates, and that both OH and NA strongly contributed to abstinent social networks. Having siblings and other family members in one's network predicted substance use among network members, whereas spouses, parents, and children did not have an effect on the rate of substance use. These findings suggest that OH and NA may be effective sources of abstinent social support for African Americans recovering from substance abuse. However, family members are well represented in the support networks of African Americans in OH. 相似文献
873.
Brown JT Davis MI Jason LA Ferrari JR 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2006,31(1-2):75-84
This study investigated ethnic and gender differences in reported resource losses and gains for recovering substance abusers living in Oxford Houses (OH). Participants (n = 829) completed a version of Hobfoll's (1998) Conservation of Resources (COR) Evaluation. Results indicated significant individual differences in resources, based on gender, ethnicity, and the length of OH residential stay. Men reported fewer resource gains and losses than women. With respect to ethnicity, African-Americans reported greater gains and losses in resources than European-Americans. Individuals with less time in an OH also reported having experienced more losses in the past 3 months. 相似文献
874.
Jason LA Davis MI Olson BD Ferrari JR Alvarez J 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2006,31(1-2):13-24
Citizen participation in research may include involvement in generating original ideas, planning appropriate designs, collecting data, and helping to implement interventions. Unfortunately, little is known about the attitudes of the community members who participate in such research processes. In the present exploratory study, a team of community members (4 men, 3 women; age > 30 years old) who were employed as investigator research associates to evaluate an innovative substance abuse recovery home were asked for their perspectives about their involvement in the research effort. Findings indicated that these community members felt their participation was a positive experience. Moreover, while their understanding and sense of participation in the research process increased, their identification and affiliation with their support organization was not reduced. Results imply that there is a need to better understand how citizen members of community organizations are affected by their involvement in the research process. 相似文献
875.
Ferrari JR Jason LA Sasser KC Davis MI Olson BD 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2006,31(1-2):27-39
The interior and exterior physical characteristics of substance abuse recovery program dwellings (11 woman, 44 men) from three geographic sections of the United States were assessed at creating a "house-as-home" for residents. Although each house was independently governed and operated by residents, results indicated vast similarities among the interior characteristics, amenities, and structural aspects. These rented dwellings also had similar well-maintained exterior characteristics, despite their geographic locations. Follow-up interviews of former residents indicated that these house characteristics and amenities helped create a sense of home not found in traditional institutional facilities. Results suggested that residents of self-governed independently operated recovery houses may create and maintain safe and sober settings that elicit a sense of home among residents. 相似文献
876.
Sloan FA Carlisle ES Rattliff JR Trogdon J 《Journal of health politics, policy and law》2005,30(4):643-686
To determine which factors influence states' allocation decisions for the tobacco Master Settlement Agreement and the four individual settlements' annual payments, including the decision to securitize, we analyzed the effects of voter characteristics, political parties, interest groups, prior spending on public tobacco control programs, and state fiscal health on per capita settlement funds allocated to tobacco-control, health, and other programs. Tobacco-producing states and those with high proportions of conservative Democrats or elderly, black, Hispanic, or wealthy people tended to spend less on tobacco control. Education and medical lobbies had strong positive influences on per capita allocations for tobacco-control and health-related programs. State fiscal crises affected amounts spent by states from settlement funds as well as the probability of securitizing future cash flows from the settlements. 相似文献
877.
878.
Kris?HenningEmail author Angela?R.?Jones Robert?Holdford 《Journal of family violence》2005,20(3):131-139
Women are increasingly being arrested and prosecuted for assaulting an intimate partner. Whereas extensive research has been conducted to identify the treatment needs of male domestic violence offenders, few studies have examined females convicted of the same charges. In the present study 1,267 men and 159 women convicted of intimate partner abuse were compared on scales assessing attributions of blame for their recent offense, minimization, denial, and socially desirable responding. Research with male offenders has identified these factors as important treatment targets, as they appear to influence an offenders risk for noncompliance and recidivism. The results of the study suggest that both male and female domestic violence offenders engage in socially desirable responding during court-ordered evaluations, that both attribute greater blame for the recent offense to their spouse/partner than they acknowledge for themselves, and that significant numbers of both genders deny the recent incident and/or minimize the severity of the offense. Areas for further research are highlighted along with a discussion of the implications of these findings for practitioners. 相似文献
879.
Robert?J.?W.?CliftEmail author Lindsey?A.?Thomas Donald?G.?Dutton 《Journal of family violence》2005,20(4):231-234
The Propensity for Abusiveness Scale (PAS; Dutton [1995a] J. Fam. Violence 10[2]: 203–221) has been shown to correlate with both physical and psychological abuse in a variety of samples including
gay men, assaultive males, and male and female college students (Clift, 2001; Dutton et al., 2001). For the current study, 27 male and 37 female university students completed the PAS during the 1998–1999 and the 2000–2001
school years. A 2-year test–retest reliability coefficient of r = .851 was found for women and a reliability coefficient of r = .629 was found for men. The combined sample had a reliability coefficient of r = .774. Moderate test–retest reliability coefficients were also found for each of the subscales. 相似文献
880.
The goal of this study is to evaluate a theoretical model of the link between attachment andcouple violence. The hypotheses
state that experience and expression of anger towards the partner would mediate and moderate the association between an insecure
attachment and couple psychologicaland physical violence. A sample of 316 couples representative of the French-speaking population
ofQuebec filled out the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire, a couple version of the State-Trait Anger Inventory,
and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. The mediator model revealed that experience and expression of anger in couples (state
anger, trait anger, and anger-out) explained the association between an insecure attachment and intimate violence. The moderator
model showed that significant interactions between male anxiety over abandonment and anger indicated that anger in couples
(trait anger and anger control) moderates the strength and the direction of the association between attachment and intimate
physical violence. Different outcomes were obtained when gender and type of violence were considered. 相似文献