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381.
Following the “Encountering Human Rights” conference in January 2007, Emily Grabham interviewed Tania Pouwhare, a women’s
rights activist working at the Women’s Resource Centre in London. Their discussion engaged with the professionalisation of
activism, funding constraints and New Labour policies and their impact on immigrant women. Against a background of financial
insecurity and huge demand for their services, many women’s organisations in the United Kingdom struggle to use human rights
law to advance women’s rights. Nevertheless, the rhetoric of human rights remains powerful within women’s activism, and law
remains relevant as a potential form of ‘direct action’ and “another way of making a really big fuss”. 相似文献
382.
Emily E. Tanner-Smith 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(12):1402-1416
Despite knowledge that early pubertal timing predicts adolescent girls’ substance use, it is still unclear whether this relationship
persists beyond early adolescence and whether it is conditional on girls’ body weight. This study examined the moderating
role of body weight in the association between early pubertal timing and adolescent girls’ substance use using three waves
of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The analytic sample included 5,591 adolescent girls attending
middle-schools and high-schools in the United States (ages 10–15, 71% White, 14% Black). Results indicated that early pubertal
timing was associated with substance use risk but effects were attenuated after controlling for prior use. Body weight moderated
the association between early pubertal timing and girls’ reported number of substances tried in middle adolescence. Body weight
magnified the risk of having tried one substance, but buffered the risk of having tried three substances. Among those girls
who did use substances, body weight did not moderate the relationship between early pubertal timing and heavy substance use.
It is concluded that the substance use risk associated with early pubertal timing is most salient during the developmental
period in adolescence when sensitivity to bodily changes may be heightened. 相似文献
383.
The youth participation movement begins with the basic premise that, without hearing and heeding the voices of those affected by the policies and practices we create, our efforts to improve the systems designed to help them are doomed to failure. This article provides accounts by court‐involved youth and emerging adults of their frustrations and successes and firsthand perspectives on the nature of the challenges confronting them. These interviews, narratives, and poems provide the fundamental context for the incisive and thought‐provoking articles that follow. 相似文献
384.
385.
Ashley E. Owen Martie P. Thompson Anne Shaffer Emily B. Jackson Nadine J. Kaslow 《Journal of family violence》2009,24(7):433-445
This study examined the mediating roles of several family variables in the relation between IPV witnessing and children’s
emotional and behavioral problems among 129 low-income, African American children ages 8 to 12. According to the mediational
model tested, experiencing or witnessing IPV negatively impacted the following family variables: maternal psychopathology,
family cohesion, and relatedness quality, which were subsequently associated with diminished child adjustment. These findings
were stronger when child reports were considered and when the outcome variable was internalizing problems. Findings from this
study support the value of targeting these variables in the development of culturally appropriate child witness interventions
for low-income African American families. Recommendations for future interventions based on study conclusions are offered. 相似文献
386.
Shaun A. Thomas Kyle A. Burgason Timothy Brown Emily Berthelot 《Criminal Justice Studies》2017,30(4):401-420
Relatively few studies have assessed theoretically relevant predictors of individual’s perceptions of racial profiling by law enforcement officers. The current study addresses this limitation by drawing on theoretical frameworks highlighted in the growing body of literature examining disproportionate minority contact (DMC) with the criminal justice system. Specifically, we draw on the racial and symbolic threat perspectives with the objective of identifying theoretically relevant individual and community level predictors of perceptions of racial profiling by public and private police bodies in airports, malls, and on the roads. Results of our analysis of data on White and Black individuals nested within communities support the racial threat perspective in documenting the influence of racial heterogeneity and interracial labor market competition on perceptions of racial profiling. However, in contention to predictions derived from the symbolic threat perspective, the results fail to uncover a link between interracial socioeconomic inequality and perceptions of racial profiling by law enforcement officers. These results highlight the importance of moving beyond individual explanations of profiling and other forms of DMC and suggest community characteristics and perceptions of intergroup threat are particularly salient to understanding perceptions of race-based distinctions in formal social control. 相似文献
387.
Paul Gill Ph.D. James Silver A.B.D. John Horgan Ph.D. Emily Corner M.Sc. A.B.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(3):710-714
This paper outlines the sociodemographic, developmental, antecedent attack, attack preparation, and commission properties of 115 mass murderers between 1990 and 2014. The results indicate that mass murderer attacks are usually the culmination of a complex mix of personal, political, and social drivers that crystalize at the same time to drive the individual down the path of violent action. We specifically focus upon areas related to prior criminal engagement, leakage, and attack location familiarity. Whether the violence comes to fruition is usually a combination of the availability and vulnerability of suitable targets that suit the heady mix of personal and political grievances and the individual's capability to engage in an attack from both a psychological and technical capability standpoint. Many individual cases share a mixture of unfortunate personal life circumstances coupled with an intensification of beliefs/grievances that later developed into the idea to engage in violence. 相似文献
388.
Research into the deposition patterns of primer gunshot residue (GSR) beyond a primary target was previously nonexistent. This study aimed to determine the deposition patterns of GSR once a bullet passed through an initial target and continued on its path into additional targets. Multiple repetitions were performed to assess the GSR deposition patterns after a bullet was shot through a closed window into either a dummy or a wall within an enclosed room. Samples were taken from both the primary and secondary target holes as well as from nontarget areas. Significant amounts of GSR were found on all samples. The results show that GSR continues to be deposited along the path of the bullet after passing through a primary glass target. These findings reiterate the lack of probative value in collecting GSR samples from gunshot victims even if they are in an enclosed area separate from the shooter. 相似文献
389.
Emily Jackson 《The Modern law review》2010,73(3):399-427
This article examines the implications for patient care, and for the future of rationing within the NHS, of the recent decision to permit NHS patients to supplement their care by paying for medicines — mainly expensive new cancer drugs — which are not available within the NHS. The starting point is the recommendations of the Richards' Report and their implementation through new guidance issued by the Department of Health and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Practical challenges arise from the insistence upon the ‘separate’ delivery of self‐funded medicines, and more flexible cost‐effectiveness thresholds for end of life medicines may have repercussions for other patients. While undoubtedly part of the trend towards explicit rationing, top‐up fees might also represent a significant step towards regarding the NHS as a core, basic service. Finally, the issue of top‐up fees is located within the broader context of current cancer research priorities and persisting health inequalities. 相似文献
390.
F. Andrew Kozel M.D. M.S.C.R. Kevin A. Johnson Ph.D. Emily L. Grenesko B.A. Steven J. Laken Ph.D. Samet Kose M.D. Xinghua Lu M.D. Ph.D. Dean Pollina Ph.D. Andrew Ryan Ph.D. Mark S. George M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(1):220-231
Abstract: Using Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) to detect deception is feasible in simple laboratory paradigms. A mock sabotage scenario was used to test whether this technology would also be effective in a scenario closer to a real‐world situation. Healthy, nonmedicated adults were recruited from the community, screened, and randomized to either a Mock‐crime group or a No‐crime group. The Mock‐crime group damaged and stole compact discs (CDs), which contained incriminating video footage, while the No‐crime group did not perform a task. The Mock‐crime group also picked up an envelope from a researcher, while the No‐crime group did not perform this task. Both groups were instructed to report that they picked up an envelope, but did not sabotage any video evidence. Participants later went to the imaging center and were scanned while being asked questions regarding the mock crime. Participants also performed a simple laboratory based fMRI deception testing (Ring‐Watch testing). The Ring‐Watch testing consisted of “stealing” either a watch or a ring. The participants were instructed to report that they stole neither object. We correctly identified deception during the Ring‐Watch testing in 25 of 36 participants (Validated Group). In this Validated Group for whom a determination was made, computer‐based scoring correctly identified nine of nine Mock‐crime participants (100% sensitivity) and five of 15 No‐crime participants (33% specificity). BOLD fMRI presently can be used to detect deception concerning past events with high sensitivity, but low specificity. 相似文献