“三不朽”之“德”考

"三不朽"源自《左传》,是对后世影响很大的人物评价体系。长期以来,"立德、立功、立言"中的"德"被单一解释为"修身"之"德",这是不恰当的。此处之"德"应为创制优良制度文化,使其保持对民众和后世的长久福佑和影响之"德"。除此之外,"德"作为排名首位的"不朽",其内涵亦贯穿"三不朽"中,先秦时期关于历史人物的评价,也基本上遵循着"德"的原则。     

北京市城乡社会家庭婚姻制度的变迁

本文以大量丰富和翔实的数据与资料,详细地描述和解释了在工业化、城市化进程和计划生育政策的共同推进下,北京市的家庭结构和婚姻制度在近年来的巨大变化,以及与中国其他大城市和经济发达地区相比较后所呈现的特点,同时分析了家庭婚姻制度变化可能或已经给北京的城市生活带来的各种影响.     

How the World Bank manages social risks: implementation of the Social Risk Mitigation Project in Turkey

This paper aims to assess the World Bank’s social risk management approach to poverty by focusing on the implementation details of the Social Risk Mitigation Project in Turkey, a World Bank project that depends on this approach. The paper looks at the approach through the concept of neoliberal governmentality, as an attempt to produce responsible poor citizens during a period when the responsibility for providing social services is transferred to the market and the family. By using field research it demonstrates that, with the intervention of local factors, several unintended consequences emerge in the implementation of a social risk management project. The article concludes that these outcomes, although not planned or intended, have all been instrumental in depoliticising poverty and the poor in the country. Moreover, in spite of all the problems and dissatisfaction, thanks to the Bank’s own portrayal, this project has contributed to the image of the Bank as a development institution that achieves successes in its fight with poverty.     

杜撰词的语言特性

杜撰词是为了某种特殊用途或表示某种特殊意义而临时创造出来的新词或新的表达法。按照构成方式,杜撰词基本可以分为添加杜撰词、删减杜撰词、拼缀杜撰词、仿拟杜撰词、替换杜撰词、复合杜撰词六大类。杜撰词有着自己独特的语言特性。     

Social media video analysis methodology for sarin exposure

As social media becomes increasingly ubiquitous, many events are recorded and released on social media platforms, including chemical weapon attacks. We develop an objective tool in order to evaluate brief and unstructured social media videos for analysing sarin exposure from a civilian medical pathology perspective. We developed and validated this new questionnaire using a standardized procedure that includes content domain specification, item pool generation, content validity evaluation, a pilot study, and assessment of reliability and validity. In total, 51 sarin attacks and 48 matched videos were analysed. Cronbach’s α for all 20 items was 0.75, which indicates adequate internal reliability. The test–retest reliability was 0.96, which indicates good internal reliability. The inter-observer intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97. After verifying sampling adequacy with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure and the factorability of the items with Barlett’s test of sphericity, a factor analysis was performed. According to the principal axis factoring, a six-factor solution explained 51.86% of the total variance. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the Video Score Questionnaire has a sensitivity of 0.817, a specificity of 0.478, and an efficiency of 65.3. Therefore, the Video Score Questionnaire is reliable and valid for evaluating sarin attacks from brief and unstructured social media videos.

Key points

• Chemical weapons are still used as a method of warfare.
• Social media videos are an important source of information.
• We developed a validated scale which can analyse sarin exposure in short and unstructured videos.

     

行政督察是我国行政监督的重要新方式——以土地督察和环保督察为例

行政督察是指有权机关依法设立专门的督察机构和配备专门的督察人员,明确规定其职责权限,并要求督察主体依法独立就特定的行政管理事项对有关行政机关在执行落实有关国家法律法规规章和有关政策等方面进行监督检查,督促有关行政机关依法履行职责并及时纠正他们的违法行为。行政监督在我国行政监督体系中属于行政系统内监督的重要方式,但就我国目前的行政督察现状看,尚不成熟,只是在某些特定行政管理领域进行尝试,需要进一步明确行政督察设立的法律依据、行政督察的主体、行政督察的权力来源、行政督察的职责、行政督察的权限、行政督察自身的监督。     

对英国全纳教育中“特殊教育需要”的评估概述

全纳教育研究是21世纪全球教育研究的焦点,世界各国纷纷有很多教育学、医学、社会学、法学等领域的专家深入研究全纳教育的理论及实践。从英国全纳教育的一个重要方面——评估入手,对早期特殊教育需要的认定和评估、在学校中对有"特殊教育需要"的认定和评估以及"特殊教育需要"评估的途径等三方面进行描述。     

梳理、释疑与展望：对结构现实主义理论的再认识

肯尼斯·沃尔兹的结构现实主义理论是国际政治理论中公认的科学化成就最高的一支，其理论结构严谨，研究纲领完善。多年来，国内学界对结构现实主义理论的解读中存在着不少误读，对此，“南开学派”做出了相应的澄清。结构现实主义理论的发展并不止步于沃尔兹，借鉴比较政治学的成果、探索外交政策理论的构建和吸收新自由主义的优点都为该理论的发展拓宽了研究空间。     

论中国特色警察文化软实力建设——信息社会警察素质面临的挑战与提升途径

以通信技术和计算机技术的飞速发展和广泛应用为特征的信息社会的到来使中国警察面临着新的挑战。即群众对警务工作更多的参与和更多表达形成了一种巨大的力量，这种力量成为了对警务工作产生即时的、持续的、影响最终工作结果与效果的重要因素。如何引导这种力量，有赖于群众认同、理解警察行为，赞赏、支持中国警察。为此，引入警察文化软实力建设成为我们当前的重要课题。