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41.
David L. Epstein Robert Bates Jack Goldstone Ida Kristensen Sharyn O'Halloran 《American journal of political science》2006,50(3):551-569
Przeworski et al. (2000) challenge the key hypothesis in modernization theory: political regimes do not transition to democracy as per capita incomes rise, they argue. Rather, democratic transitions occur randomly, but once there, countries with higher levels of GDP per capita remain democratic. We retest the modernization hypothesis using new data, new techniques, and a three-way rather than dichotomous classification of regimes. Contrary to Przeworski et al. (2000) we find that the modernization hypothesis stands up well. We also find that partial democracies emerge as among the most important and least understood regime types. 相似文献
42.
43.
Griffin Kenneth W. Epstein Jennifer A. Botvin Gilbert J. Spoth Richard L. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2001,30(4):485-498
The present study examined the mechanisms by which social competence may be associated with substance use during early adolescence. The sample consisted of rural youth (N = 1,568) attending 36 junior high schools in a midwestern state. Structural equation modeling indicated that social competence had a direct protective association with substance use in that those youth who were more socially confident, assertive, and had better communication skills reported less smoking and drinking. Further analyses revealed that the relationship between social competence and substance use was fully mediated by social benefit expectancies of use. These findings suggest that poorly competent youth turn to smoking and alcohol use because they perceive that there are important social benefits to doing so, such as having more friends, looking grown up and cool, and having more fun. Prevention programs that teach youth interpersonal skills may reduce the initiation of substance use by improving social competence and providing youth with more adaptive means of gaining approval from peers. 相似文献
44.
Chad Westerland Jeffrey A. Segal Lee Epstein Charles M. Cameron Scott Comparato 《American journal of political science》2010,54(4):891-905
Why do lower courts treat Supreme Court precedents favorably or unfavorably? To address this question, we formulate a theoretical framework based on current principal‐agent models of the judiciary. We use the framework to structure an empirical analysis of a random sample of 500 Supreme Court cases, yielding over 10,000 subsequent treatments in the U.S. Courts of Appeals. When the contemporary Supreme Court is ideologically estranged from the enacting Supreme Court, lower courts treat precedent much more harshly. Controlling for the ideological distance between the enacting and contemporary Supreme Courts, the preferences of the contemporary lower court itself are unrelated to its behavior. Hence, hierarchical control appears strong and effective. At the same time, however, a lower court's previous treatments of precedent strongly influence its later treatments. The results have important implications for understanding legal change and suggest new directions for judicial principal‐agency theory. 相似文献
45.
Theim KR Sinton MM Stein RI Saelens BE Thekkedam SC Welch RR Epstein LH Wilfley DE 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(1):86-97
Developmentally relevant high-risk dietary situations (e.g., parties where tempting foods are available) may influence overweight
youth’s weight control, as they increase risk for overeating. Better self-efficacy for coping with these situations—which
preadolescents may learn from their parents—could foster successful weight control. Overweight preadolescents (N = 204) ages 7–12 years (67% female), each with one parent, separately completed the Hypothetical High-Risk Situation Inventory
(HHRSI) pre- and post-weight loss treatment. The HHRSI assesses temptation to overeat and confidence in refraining from overeating
in response to four high-risk dietary scenarios. Participants generated coping strategies for each scenario. Coping strategies
and confidence increased and temptation decreased from pre- to post-weight loss treatment. Parents’ increase in confidence
from pre- to post-treatment was associated with preadolescents’ and parents’ weight loss. Tailoring treatments to enhance
parents’ coping skills (e.g., building strategies, targeting high temptation/low confidence scenarios) may maximize preadolescents’
weight control. 相似文献
46.
Sinton MM Goldschmidt AB Aspen V Theim KR Stein RI Saelens BE Epstein LH Wilfley DE 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(1):67-75
Shape and weight concerns among overweight pre-adolescents heighten risk for eating disorders and weight gain. Treatment and
prevention efforts require consideration of psychosocial factors that co-occur with these concerns. This study involved 200
overweight pre-adolescents, aged 7–12 years (M age = 9.8; SD = 1.4), presenting for family-based weight control treatment. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the
influence of pre-adolescents’ individual characteristics and social experiences, and their parents’ psychological symptoms,
on shape and weight concerns as assessed by the Child Eating Disorder Examination. Findings revealed that higher levels of
dietary restraint, greater feelings of loneliness, elevated experiences with weight-related teasing, and higher levels of
parents’ eating disorder symptoms predicted higher shape and weight concerns among overweight pre-adolescents. Interventions
addressing overweight pre-adolescents’ disordered eating behaviors and social functioning, as well as their parents’ disordered
eating behaviors and attitudes, may be indicated for those endorsing shape and weight concerns. 相似文献
47.
Alexandra Epstein 《Women's history review》2013,22(5):699-719
This article examines US Trade Commissioner Viola Smith’s role in the furtherance of the American empire between World Wars I and II. As a Foreign Service Officer in Shanghai, China on behalf of the Department of Commerce and through her activism as an international feminist in the Pacific region, Smith perpetuated the imperialist project. As Trade Commissioner, she implemented trade policy in lucrative China that helped to economically enrich the USA. Likewise, as an international feminist, Smith injected Western superiority to the international feminist sphere through her work for peace and women’s rights in the Pacific. 相似文献
48.
“Always Use Protection”: Communication Boys Receive About Sex From Parents,Peers, and the Media 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Although parents are often thought to be the primary communicators of sexual information, studies have found that many adolescent
boys report receiving little or no parental communication about sex. Instead, boys report learning about sex mostly from their
peers and the media. However, little is known about the content of these communications, from any source. Using a sample of
286 male undergraduates, this study employed a mixed-method approach to examine the amount and content of sex-related communication
boys received from their parents, peers, and the media. Results indicated that adolescent boys report receiving less sexual
communication from their parents than from peers and the media. In terms of content, parental messages focused on abstinence
and contraception while peer and media messages were significantly more sex-positive. Analyses of ethnic group variation showed
that African American adolescents reported receiving the most parental communication and Asian American boys reported the
least, with further variability in the content of the messages. Findings also document considerable diversity of message content,
both within and across source, highlighting the utility of comparative and multi-method approaches.
相似文献
L. Monique WardEmail: |
49.
50.
Eliahu Epstein 《亚洲事务》2013,44(4):594-595