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21.
Erich Pürgy 《Journal für Rechtspolitik》2011,19(1):15-25
Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich dem in ?sterreich vorherrschenden formellen Verfassungsverst?ndnis. Im Fokus sollen dabei
insbesondere die Auswirkungen, die mit diesem Verfassungsverst?ndnis verbunden sind, stehen. Neben der Zersplitterung und
inneren Zerrissenheit der Bundesverfassung geht es auch um die in ?sterreich in der Vergangenheit h?ufig praktizierte und
als Formenmissbrauch kritisierte Verfassungsdurchbrechung durch den Verfassungsgesetzgeber. Bei der ebenfalls behandelten
Frage, ob gesellschaftliche Ver?nderungen das Verfassungsrecht ?ndern k?nnen, wird auf die Grenzen der Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit
in der parlamentarischen Demokratie eingegangen. Weiters soll anhand von der in Art 44 Abs 3 B-VG normierten Schranke für
den einfachen Verfassungsgesetzgeber gezeigt werden, dass auch dem materiellen Verfassungsbegriff eine normative Bedeutung
zukommt. 相似文献
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23.
Erich Gassner 《Natur und Recht》2007,15(4):143-147
Der Jubilar ist nicht nur für die Information und Diskussion in Bezug auf alles, was die Begriffe Natur und Recht umfassen,
eingetreten. Vielmehr lag ihm vor allem auch die Durchsetzung der Belange des Naturschutzes und der Landschaftspflege, nicht
zuletzt vor Gericht am Herzen. Der Autor hofft, dass die Erweiterung der einschl?gigen Thematik über den Bereich des Naturschutzes
hinaus den Jubilar interessiert, geht diese Erweiterung doch auch mit einer entsprechenden ?ffnung von „Natur und Recht“ einher. 相似文献
24.
Erich Weede 《Global Society》2007,21(2):219-227
Although Saddam Hussein was a bloody tyrant, and although deposing him served a noble purpose, one still may doubt the wisdom of the American war against Iraq. It is quite dubious whether the democratisation of Iraq can serve as a justification of the American war effort. Properly understood, the democratic peace proposition does not promise that poor, emerging, and illiberal democracies surrounded by autocracies are more peaceful than autocracies. By itself, the transition towards democracy is quite likely to imply some semi-democratic phase when the country is at risk of civil war. Moreover, the democratic peace proposition says nothing at all about the likelihood of success of democratisation in a poor, oil-rich, Arab and Muslim country where there is little common ground to unite the democracy-imposing occupier and the defeated country. Finally, defeating the insurgency in the Sunni triangle of Iraq might require means which a democracy cannot even wish to apply. Whereas the promotion of democracy by war looks like a dead end and is doomed to failure, the prospects of promoting peace by exporting capitalism, growth, and prosperity look much better. Such a strategy even serves the purpose of later democratisation of those countries that now accept only creeping capitalism. 相似文献
25.
Keith L. Monson PhD Erich D. Smith MSFS Eugene M. Peters PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(5):1721-1740
In a comprehensive study to assess various aspects of the performance of qualified forensic firearms examiners, volunteer examiners compared both bullets and cartridge cases fired from three different types of firearms. They rendered opinions on each comparison according to the Association of Firearm & Tool Mark Examiners (AFTE) Range of Conclusions, as Identification, Inconclusive (A, B, or C), Elimination, or Unsuitable. In this part of the study, comparison sets used previously to characterize the overall accuracy of examiners were blindly resubmitted to examiners to assess the repeatability (105 examiners; 5700 comparisons of bullets and cartridge cases) and reproducibility (191 examiners of bullets, 193 of cartridge cases; 5790 comparisons) of firearms examinations. Data gathered using the prevailing AFTE Range were also recategorized into two hypothetical scoring systems. Consistently positive differences between observed agreement and expected agreement indicate that the repeatability and reproducibility of examiners exceed chance agreement. When averaged over bullets and cartridge cases, the repeatability of comparison decisions (involving all five levels of the AFTE Range) was 78.3% for known matches and 64.5% for known nonmatches. Similarly averaged reproducibility was 67.3%% for known matches and 36.5% for known nonmatches. For both repeatability and reproducibility, many of the observed disagreements were between a definitive and inconclusive category. Examiner decisions are reliable and trustworthy in the sense that identifications are unlikely when examiners are comparing non-matching items, and eliminations are unlikely when they are comparing matching items. 相似文献
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This article examines the breakup of Czechoslovakia from aninstitutionalist perspective. The federal state adopted afterWorld War I failed to accommodate tensions in society and heightenedethnic conflict. After World War II, an "asymmetrical" federationwas created that, while designed to provide a degree of homerule to Slovakia, further alienated Slovaksfrom national politics.Each effort to reform the federal order unintentionally promptednew concerns over the balance of political power. The inabilityto construct an enduring federal state helps explain why thetransition from communism proved fatal for the union that wasCzechoslovakia. 相似文献
29.
Erich Vranes 《Juristische Bl?tter》2011,133(1):11-21
Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass das System der Kompetenzverteilung zwischen EU und Mitgliedstaaten in den Au?enbeziehungen wesentlich
durch den rechtlichen Grundgedanken der Verhinderung von Normkonflikten gepr?gt ist. Dieser Grundgedanke erkl?rt beispielsweise
mit, warum bestimmte Kompetenzen als ausschlie?liche definiert sind bzw wann geteilte (ehemals konkurrierende) Kompetenzen
in ausschlie?liche umschlagen. Dieser systembildende Aspekt ist auch tragend für die Reichweite der Zust?ndigkeit des EuGH
für internationale Abkommen und für die Beantwortung der Frage, inwieweit diese judizielle Kompetenz den Zugang zu konkurrierenden
(internationalen) Gerichten ausschlie?t. 相似文献
30.
Erich Schweighofer Walter Hötzendorfer 《International Review of Law, Computers & Technology》2013,27(1-2):230-239
In the real world, we usually identify persons by their appearance, voice, and so on. If this is not sufficient, identity cards are used. In the virtual world the situation is different. The basic concepts of the internet provide for unique identification of devices, not of their users. Hence, some kind of identity management system is required, which can be provided either by the state or by the private sector. Official electronic identity schemes, such as the Austrian Citizen Card, are being established in more and more countries. The carrier media of the Citizen Card is a smart card but, since 2009, the mobile phone signature is offered as a more comfortable alternative. However, much more widespread than that are simple user accounts with passwords, one for each individual service. This system has significant flaws. A solution can be provided by the concept of identity federation: an ‘identity ecosystem’ can be established in which a user can choose among several identity providers, authorise them to identify him towards service providers, authorise attribute providers to provide particular qualified user information to a service provider, etc. In this paper the different concepts mentioned above are elaborated and their interrelations and legal difficulties are described. 相似文献