Carboxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin findings in burnt bodies

The often observed absence of carboxyhaemoglobin in burnt (charred) bodies is rediscussed in the light of two new cases in which the inhalation of very hot gases obviously led to reflex breathing and circulation arrest. (Macro and microscopic evaluations of the upper respiratory tract can give significant information as to whether a person was still alive at the time of the fire outbreak.) In the cadaver blood of people who survived a given period after a fire, high methaemoglobin values (up to 37%) were found. This was caused by the inhalation of nitrogen oxides that were produced by burning plastic.     

Recurrent cost and performance comparisons within public administration: A method of generating efficiency-promoting competition

Economists (e.g., Niskanen) usually advocate increased competition in order to increase efficiency within public administration. To bring about competition that promotes efficiency, it is not necessary to oblige the public body (e.g., central government authority, municipal administration) to compete with other producers concerning who is to provide the public service. Such competition can also be generated with the aid of continuous productivity and efficiency comparisons between public bodies which provide similar services.     

The contribution of Karol Górski in introducing research on the estates into Polish historiography

SUMMARY

In this article Janusz Ma??ek reviews the work of Professor Karol Górski, whose life work over a period of more than 50 years was to develop awareness of the significance of the history of estates in Pomerania, Poland and the Baltic region, and to develop and encourage comparative studies of the history of estates in the Polish universities. His work led him into close interest and active participation in the work of the International Commission to which he made valuable contributions.     

Haftung des Notars / Schadensverlagerung / Schadensminderungspflicht

Ein von der Grundstückseigentümerin beauftragter Notar, der versehentlich statt einer Teil- die Gesamtl?schung einer H?chstbetragshypothek beantragt, haftet wegen Verlustes der Pfandhaftung nicht nur der Hypothekargl?ubigerin, sondern auch einem Bürgen, auf den sich der Schaden durch die Uneinbringlichkeit seines Regressrechtes verlagert hat. Verletzt der Bürge seine Schadensminderungspflicht, weil er es im Rechtsstreit mit der Hypothekargl?ubigerin unterl?sst, den ihm durch Wegfall der Pfandhaftung entstandenen Schaden mittels entsprechender Einwendungen zu verhindern, führt dies zu einem Entfall der Haftung.