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131.
132.
The White Paper suggests important reforms that will reduce the likelihood of false confessions resulting from police interrogation.
The research underlying these suggested reforms has yielded significant advances in our understanding of factors associated
with false confessions. As we move forward, we encourage the development of empirically based approaches that provide a viable
alternative to current practice. In doing so, we suggest that researchers pursue a positive psychological approach that involves
partnering with practitioners to systematically develop interrogative methods that are shown to be more diagnostic. By taking
such an approach, we believe that the recommendations offered in the current White Paper can be supplemented by methods that
carry the support of both scientific and law enforcement communities. 相似文献
133.
In line with the growing number and type of innovation sources and partners, companies’ institutional set up to manage the potential problems of multiple sources and partners for innovation is increasingly challenged to develop and maintain effective and efficient corporate innovation activities. The paper highlights recent developments of open innovation in companies. Findings are based on company case studies involving companies from different industries and company representatives. It shows that open innovation is actually a paradigm long practised but the main efforts are targeted to continuously developing the organization and managerial model of companies to meet the new innovation challenges. 相似文献
134.
Pepinski W Niemcunowicz-Janica A Skawronska M Koc-Zorawska E Janica J Soltyszewski I 《Forensic science international》2004,143(1):65-68
Haplotype and allele frequencies for eight Y-STRs were determined in a population sample of Old Believers residing in the Northeastern Poland. A total of 127 unrelated males produced 100 different haplotypes. The most common haplotype was shared by 3.97% of the sample, while 85 haplotypes were unique. The gene diversity was 0.99. 相似文献
135.
Soltyszewski I Spolnicka M Kartasinska E Konarzewska M Pepinski W Janica J 《Forensic science international》2006,159(2-3):241-243
Allele frequencies for the fifteen STRs included in the GenePrint PowerPlex kit were determined in 870 unrelated individuals from Polish population. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Exact tests disequilibrium analysis revealed no departures from independence out of 105 pair-wise comparisons. The combined MP and PE for all 15 loci are 6.00x10(-17) and 0.999999, respectively. 相似文献
136.
Common wisdom seems to suggest that racial bias, defined as disparate treatment of minority defendants, exists in jury decision-making,
with Black defendants being treated more harshly by jurors than White defendants. The empirical research, however, is inconsistent—some
studies show racial bias while others do not. Two previous meta-analyses have found conflicting results regarding the existence
of racial bias in juror decision-making (Mazzella & Feingold, 1994, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1315–1344; Sweeney & Haney, 1992, Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 10, 179–195). This research takes a meta-analytic approach to further investigate the inconsistencies within the empirical literature
on racial bias in juror decision-making by defining racial bias as disparate treatment of racial out-groups (rather than focusing
upon the minority group alone). Our results suggest that a small, yet significant, effect of racial bias in decision-making
is present across studies, but that the effect becomes more pronounced when certain moderators are considered. The state of
the research will be discussed in light of these findings. 相似文献
137.
Pepinski W Niemcunowicz-Janica A Skawronska M Janica J Koc-Zorawska E Aleksandrowicz-Bukin M Soltyszewski I 《Forensic science international》2005,149(2-3):263-265
Population genetic data for the 15 STRs included in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit were obtained from a sample of 168 unrelated individuals of the ethnic group of Polish Tatars residing in the Northeastern Poland. Significant differences revealed in relation to the autochthonous Poles by using R x C test as well as F(ST) and F(IS) estimates suggest that the ethnic group of Polish Tatars is a distinct genetic community. 相似文献
138.
Reiter A Hake J Meissner C Rohwer J Friedrich HJ Oehmichen M 《Forensic science international》2001,119(2):248-253
The elimination time of illicit drugs and their metabolites is of both clinical and forensic interest. In order to determine the elimination time for various drugs and their metabolites we recruited 52 volunteers in a protected, low-step detoxification program. Blood samples were taken from each volunteer for the first 7 days, daily, urine sample for the first 3 weeks, daily. Urine was analyzed using a fluorescence-polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), serum using GC/MS. The elimination times of the drugs and/or their metabolites in urine and serum as well as the tolerance intervals/confidence intervals were determined. Due to the sometimes extremely high initial concentrations and low cut-off values, a few of the volunteers had markedly longer elimination times than those described in the literature. The cut-off values were as follows: barbiturates II (200ng/ml), cannabinoids (20ng/ml), cocaine metabolites (300ng/ml), opiates (200ng/ml). GC/MS detected the following maximum elimination times: total morphine in urine up to 270.3h, total morphine and free morphine in serum up to 121.3h, monoacetylmorphine in urine up to 34.5h, 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) in urine up to 433.5h, THC-COOH in serum up to 74.3h, total codeine in urine up to 123h, free codeine in urine up to 97.5h, total codeine in serum up to 29h, free codeine in serum up to 6.3h, total dihydrocodeine (DHC) in urine up to 314.8h, free DHC in urine up to 273.3h, total and free DHC in serum up to 50.1h. Cocaine and its metabolites were largely undetectable in the present study. 相似文献
139.
A child who had been treated orally with a traditional medicine was admitted to hospital with diarrhoea, vomiting and severe metabolic acidosis. Following treatment for renal failure and supportive therapy, the child was discharged well. Analysis of the traditional remedy, a black powder, using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission revealed very high concentrations of iron and manganese. Other metals were also present at lesser, but still high concentrations. The composition suggested that this was a sample obtained from a surface fracture in Transvaal dolomite.Metal poisoning is not uncommon following the use of non-herbal traditional remedies in South Africa, but in this case the mixture appears to have been a combination of many metals and salts. 相似文献
140.
The blood morphine concentrations in cases of heroin-associated fatalities can vary considerably. Currently, a free-morphine concentration of > or = 100 ng/ml in blood is generally considered as potentially fatal. Moreover, it is a common observation that fatal cases of heroin-intoxication with blood morphine concentrations lower than 100 ng/ml occur. This poses the question of how the fatal cases with low blood morphine concentrations can be explained. In the study described here, 62 cases of morphine only intoxications were examined. The fatal cases were divided into two groups according to the free morphine concentrations measured in the blood of the heart (group I: free morphine concentration < 100 ng/ml, n = 21 cases; group II: free morphine concentration > or = 100 ng/ml, n = 41 cases). The two groups were compared as to circumstances of death, as well as to autopsy findings and histopathologic alterations. Overall, infections of the respiratory tract occurred significantly more often in group I (lower morphine concentrations) than in group II. In a second step, the group I cases were analyzed individually to get detailed information on the cause of death. In 19 of the 21 cases the authors could find a plausible explanation for death in combination with low free morphine concentrations in the blood. 相似文献