村民自治的村庄基础与政策后果——关于村民自治制度安排区域不平衡性的讨论

村民自治制度是当前农村治理的基本制度.相对来说,理论界和实践部门对村民自治制度的关注集中于自上而下的推行,忽视了因为村庄本身的不平衡所产生的村民自治实践状况的不平衡性.本文讨论了村集体经济状况对村民自治的决定性影响,讨论了村庄规模、村庄社会关联、村庄精英等构成村民自治基础的因素,讨论了村民自治实践差异的现实原因.认为在当前的村民自治研究乃至所有关于农村制度的研究中,不能局限于制度文本和总体状况的描述,而应考察自上而下的制度安排在不平衡乡土社会实践的过程与后果,同情地理解制度实践的现实,从而提高制度研究和农村研究的学术水平.     

加快城市管理人才的培养

城市发展是现代社会一切发展的中心和摇篮 ,城市发展的决定因素是城市管理人才。目前中国此方面的人才十分匮乏 ,加快城市管理人才的培养已成为当务之急。新形势下的城市管理教育必须有精心设计的新的体制安排 ,必须关注综合性、实用性、创新性三个方面     

The Recruitment of Women Cabinet Ministers in the Canadian Provinces

Although there have been several studies of women in legislatures in Canada, a cabinet position is a much stronger position from which to wield power in an executive-centered and party-disciplined parliamentary system. In the past decade, the increase of women's share of legislative seats, for majority parties as well as others, has led to more women being appointed to cabinet portfolios. This article utilizes data from the ten Canadian provinces over an 18-year period, from 1976 to 1994, to assess patterns of such appointments by province, party, percentage of women in the governing party, and percentage of women in the legislature. The proportion of women in the governing party far outweighs other variables in its impact on the percentage of women in the cabinet, in contrast to a previous study of West European cabinets which found that more women in the legislature was of greater importance. Although a high level of multicollinearity indicates caution in attempting to distinguish between the impact of these two variables, the differences in these studies may be due to Canadian provinces having single-party majority governments while West European cabinets are often coalitions.     

Measuring Barriers to Help-Seeking Behavior in Adolescents

To construct and validate an instrument that would measure barriers to help-seeking behavior in adolescents. Method: A 37-item questionnaire based on prior help-seeking literature was constructed to yield a total score indicating strength of barriers to help-seeking behavior. The instrument was given to a sample of 280 high school students following a pilot study of 65 students. Results: The instrument was found to have good test–retest and internal reliability and adequate validity in the tested population. It shows promise in helping to identify adolescents who may be amenable to, and opposed to, therapeutic intervention, and may aid in understanding which barriers to help seeking are most significant in any given population.     

Continuities in Providing for Old Age: Cross-national and Cross-cultural Comparisons

Drawing on a purposive sample of 25 interviews supplemented by secondary source material, this comparative study explores the options available to elderly immigrants in two quite similar countries to achieve social security in their old age. The focus is the culturally determined perspectives and practices of aging Italian-born and Indian-born immigrants in the context of public and private sector social welfare policies and provisions in Australia and Canada. Government transfers, occupational superannuation, tax-deductible personal savings, housing, and formal and informal supports are discussed. What is important to the sense of social security of the older people and how well-off or disadvantaged they seem to be are among the questions raised. The design affords an opportunity to test the complex combination of cross-national and cross-cultural comparison. In the certainty that the income deficiencies of today's elderly immigrants cannot be remedied easily or quickly enough to benefit those affected, intervention strategies can be aimed at expanding ethno-specific community supports and quality residential care; such a direction is supported by assessment of service availability in relation to estimates of aging among particular foreign-born immigrant groups. Suggestions are made for future research at the levels of theory and application.     

The regulation of lobbyists

The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful comments from Charles Rowley, Robert Tollison, and a referee of this journal.     

Forensic medicine experiences in cremation autopsy in Bonn

2016 coroner's crematorial inquests of the Bonn Institute of Legal Medicine over a 3 years' period were evaluated and the statements in the death certificates were compared to those ones of the Statistical Country Office of Northrhine-Westphalia. No significant differences were found with respect to age, gender and reason of death. However, the number of insufficiently classified deaths with respect to the reason of death were overrepresented especially in cases of older women, while the number of unnatural deaths was generally underrepresented. According to legal medical criteria 2 1/4 per cent of the deaths were falsely classified as natural. Only in 2 cases an autopsy was accomplished. Other author's statements on the validity of death certificates were confirmed.