如何考察社会主义从西方到东方的演进

北京大学张光明教授新著《社会主义由西方到东方的演进——从马克思到邓小平的社会主义思想考察》一书,对许多人物的评价,对马克思、列宁等人的社会主义观及其演进过程的认识都有自己新的思考和独特的分析研究方法。作者更是注重密切联系实际来说明问题,而且潜心于独立思考,敢于力排众议,发表自己的新见解。然而,作者的这些新见解也有值得商榷之处。其中,建立一个什么样的党和什么样的党领导的执政体制这一关键问题,需要作进一步的探讨。     

粮食主产区粮食补贴改革研究——以江苏省的调查为例

对江苏省118个农户的问卷调查显示,粮食补贴改革达到了增加粮食生产和提高农民收入的政策目标.2004年水稻生产的恢复性增长是粮价上涨、农业税费减免和直接补贴共同作用的结果.如果按照农田计税面积补贴,随着农业产业结构的调整,农民很可能会减少粮食生产.如果按照粮食交售量补贴,可以起到增加种粮农民收入和稳定粮食生产的作用,但不利于国有粮食购销企业的改革和多元化粮食流通渠道的形成.因此,粮食主产区应该按照粮食实际种植面积进行补贴,合理确定补贴标准.粮食直接补贴要和新型保护价配合使用,建立起农民收入和粮食安全保障机制.     

The ADA on the Road: Disability Rights in Germany

This paper examines the impact of a "disability rights model" on the emerging disability rights movement in Germany. Traditional German disability politics and activism are based on the expansion of welfare and special needs provisions rather than on equal rights and integration. Inspired by the 1990 Americans with Disability Act, German activists adopted a disability rights model and successfully worked toward the passage of a constitutional equality amendment in 1994 and ant-discrimination legislation in 2002. Using the literature on rights mobilization, this paper argues that German disability activists use rights talk to both support and contest culturally specific approaches to disability rights, equal treatment, and the role of the state in guaranteeing welfare rights. The globalization of disability rights should not be viewed as an imposition of American norms but as a more complex process of adaptation and cultural transformation that involves constructing locally legitimate approaches to disability rights with an American import.     

文学社会学的观念和方法

文学与社会的必然联系既决定了从社会学角度研究文学的必要性,也导致文学理论批评对社会学研究方法的引进,这是文学社会学产生的根由。文学社会学的起因在于19世纪实证主义的流行以及社会学的兴起;此时文学批评对社会学方法的借鉴,主要是以实证精神探寻文学作品产生、发展及其特定形态的社会、历史和民族的根源。20世纪马克思主义文学批评立足于社会实践与生产关系,发展出"理论的和批判的"文学社会学。而法国的文学社会学学派则以"统计材料"为依据,把文学社会学的观念和方法扩展到商品流通和消费领域;也有批评家致力于对文学语言的社会性及意识形态性质的探讨,建立所谓"文本社会学"。     

Identification based on medical findings

1. The indications such as the place of finding, the identification of clothes or other personal items, represent only the first step towards the identification of a corpse. 2. An identification based on medical data, other than dental, is often possible, more often than it is believed. 3. The forensic pathologist plays a double role in the case of such an identification: a) in the phase of the inquiry, he must contact the investigators and the families to explain his wishes and the different possibilities of identification. b) he must use the gathered information in the appropriate way. 4. It would be desirable to compose some statistical tables of the various medical elements useful for the identification (mutilations, surgical operations, etc...). We present six cases of identification in our practice.     

Predicting patrol officer performance from a psychological assessment battery: A predictive validity study

The psychological assessment battery is an integral part of the selection process used to select patrol officer applicants. Unlike all other procedures used in the selection process, the psychological assessment has not been adequately validated. The purpose of this study was an attempt to provide validation data for a psychological assessment battery. The battery consisted of the Nelson-Denny, Shipley-Hartford, MMPI, and the Motivational Analysis Test (MAT). Performance measures included various measures of training academy performance and field training performance. A stepwise regression and MANOVA/Discriminant Analysis indicated that the psychological tests did predict performance, although an exact predictive equation could not be developed due to the high intercorrelations between predictor variables. This research was sponsored in part by a grant from the School of Applied Arts and Technology, Southwest Texas State University.     

犯罪源头-未成年人犯罪

当前,未成年人犯罪逐年增多,危害日益严重,且呈现出新的动向与特点.而未成年人犯罪是犯罪的源头,要遏制犯罪,必须分析未成年人犯罪的原因,从源头抓起,预防、治理青少年犯罪中的未成年人犯罪.     

关于网络道德的分析与几点思考

随着网络社会的逐渐形成,一种新型道德规范体系——网络道德正在受到全社会关注。“社会存在决定社会意识”,网络社会必然会产生自己的道德规范。本文针对网络道德具有的新特点与发展趋势、典型的网络道德问题的表现以及应该如何建立和加强网络道德建设等问题认真地进行了分析与思考,并提出了相关建议,以期社会向着一个更高水平的道德社会发展。     

The use of phosphate buffered saline for the recovery of cells and spermatozoa from swabs.

In the forensic science laboratory, the recovery of spermatozoa from vaginal swabs, or vaginal cells from penile swabs, can help determine if sexual intercourse may have taken place. There are several methods used to recover spermatozoa and cells from the swabs before visualisation on a microscope slide and most of these methods use water. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) is a non-toxic solution used in many biological laboratories. Unlike water, PBS prevents cells rupturing or shrivelling up due to osmosis. This study demonstrates that PBS can be used for the extraction of spermatozoa and cells from swabs and that PBS does not affect subsequent DNA profiling.