第一代“外交政策分析”理论述评——贡献与局限

冷战结束后至今"外交政策分析"理论以其较强包容性和解释力的理论特质在国际政治界倍受关注.这与第一代"外交政策分析"学者作出的开创性学术贡献和奠定的稳固学术基础密切相关,"小集团思维"、"外交决策的基本模式"、"操作码"、"外交政策中的知觉和意象"、"国家角色概念"、"国家特性"等理论和分析框架的提出与发展就是其中的代表.本文重点对第一代"外交政策分析"学者的这些理论贡献进行分析,并指出了他们的不足.     

Genetic polymorphisms of 15 STR loci in Han population from Shaanxi (NW China)

The genetic polymorphisms of 15 STR loci, namely D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D13S317, vWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D16S539, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433 and D2S1338, were studied in 203 unrelated Han population from Shaanxi province using AmpF/STR Identifiler kit.     

Application of mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis in the forensic identification of Chinese sika deer subspecies

As a direct and indirect consequence of human activities, only two subspecies, Cervus nippon sinchuanicus and Cervus nippon kopschi, currently subsist in the wild of China. However, a large population of Cervus nippon hortulorum and Cervus nippon nippon is raised in order to gain deer parts for Chinese traditional medicine. According to Chinese Wild Animal Conservation Law, hunting, capturing and trading of the wild sika deer are strictly banned, however, raising and trading of the domestic individual are permitted. Thus, it is very necessary to identify the subspecies of sika deer in China in forensic tests. In our study, we used mitochondrial DNA control region sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis to identify the subspecies of sika deer. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences analysis revealed that two haplotypes came from the unknown samples. One is the same as the haplotype that came from the samples of wild population of C. n. kopschi. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two haplotypes of unknown samples clustered with the haplotypes of C. n. kopschi, and had significant difference from the haplotypes of the other subspecies. These results together revealed that the unknown samples came from two individuals that belong to the wild population of C. n. kopschi living in the Qinglingfeng State Natural Reserve of Zhejiang province. Therefore, the results provide forensic evidence of illegal wild animal hunting.     

新环境下公共行政范式的探讨——对“公共管理范式”的反思

本文以托马斯·库恩的范式理论为工具,以传统公共行政的历史变迁为线索,针对新公共管理运动的愈演愈烈,辨析了所谓"新公共管理范式"的真伪,进一步说明了现时代依然是公共行政范式的时代.     

Automated comparison of firearm bullets

Fired bullets bear striation marks that can be thought of as a "fingerprint" left by the firearm. This new comparison approach is based on an automated extraction of a "signature" encompassing the relevant marks from an image. To this end, multiple pictures of the bullet are recorded first by using different illumination patterns, and a high quality image is generated by means of fusion techniques. After a preprocessing, the image intensities are filtered along the striations direction, yielding a compact representation of the marks. A non-linear filter selects the striae of interest. The actual comparison takes place by cross-correlating the signatures obtained this way. Finally, an assessment strategy is proposed to objectively evaluate the performance of the system. As demonstrated with an image database of real bullets, the proposed approach outperforms a state-of-the-art commercial system.     

16SrDNA序列分析在嗜尸性蝇类鉴定中的应用

目的通过mtDNA上16SrDNA中551bp基因序列分析,解决依据COI和COII上278bp和635bp基因序列难以鉴别丝光绿蝇、铜绿蝇种类的难题,为法医学嗜尸性苍蝇种类的鉴别提供依据。方法随机采集放置在呼和浩特及成都地区室外草地家兔尸体上的铜绿蝇和丝光绿蝇,对其mtDNA上16SrDNA中551bp基因序列进行分析、比对,构建系统发育树。结果通过对嗜尸性蝇类mtDNA上16SrDNA的551bp基因序列分析可以对丝光绿蝇和铜绿蝇进行鉴别。结论16SrDNA上551bp基因序列分析是对嗜尸性蝇类(尤其是铜绿蝇和丝光绿蝇)进行种类鉴定的有效方法,是对依据COⅠ和COⅡ序列分析方法鉴别嗜尸性苍蝇种类的重要补充。     

汉族12个STR位点群体遗传学调查

目的240个汉族无关个体12个STR位点基因频率调查及其法医学应用;方法采用12位点复合扩增及变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳基因分型;结果该系统12个STR基因位点在汉族人群中均为高识别率位点,特别适合于陈旧血痕检验;结论12位点STR-PCR复合扩增系统检测方法简便,经济实用,在法医个体识别和亲子鉴定中具有应用价值。