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61.
62.
Johan C. Van Bruggen Jacob P. Scheele Don F. Westerheijden 《European Journal for Education Law and Policy》1998,2(2):155-163
The authors report on West European trends in follow-up arrangements of national quality assurance procedures. They argue
that external quality assurance ought to adopt a broader conception of quality than is now often the case. Next, the general
public ought to have a guarantee that external quality assurance is valid (through meta-evaluation) and has consequences (through
follow-up arrangements). Follow-up currently is not well developed in many European countries in a formal sense, but is receiving
more attention as external quality assurance is maturing. Finally, the authors link national quality assurance to the European
dimension; an international network could fulfil important functions in making quality assurance transparent and credible
across Europe.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Identification of fentanyl derivatives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An interpretative approach to the identification of fentanyl homologs and analogs is presented. The techniques employed are liquid/liquid extractions; capillary gas chromatography; and infrared, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral characterization. Spectral data are presented for eight fentanyl derivatives of clandestine origin. 相似文献
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Jennifer L. Miller Jacob Cramer Thomas J. Volgy Paul Bezerra Megan Hauser Christina Sciabarra 《国际相互影响》2015,41(5):779-804
Extant work on status attribution has largely focused on major powers or state capabilities as key explanatory factors driving these social processes and suggests that status considerations increase conflicts between states. We argue for a more comprehensive approach to status attribution that considers international norms as another major factor that is weighed in the attribution process. We contend that states (policymakers) evaluate one another not only on the basis of economic and military capabilities but also on the extent to which there is behavioral conformance with normative expectations and reward one another dependent upon whether these expectations are met. However, this attribution of status is dependent upon the level of contestation pertaining to that norm. Using a data set that assesses consistency with six different norms (resource transference, multilateralism, economic liberalism, democratic governance, respect for human rights, and peaceful dispute resolution), we find that status attribution is associated with norm-consistent behavior but only when these norms are uncontested at the global level. 相似文献
68.
There is growing interest in organisational and institutional development, or capacity-building, but little understanding of what these involve in practice. This article provides a case-study of a successful long-term programme of institutional development, which built the capacities of the Tibetan refugee community in development planning. The primary focus is on key features for adaptation by development practitioners. The authors also clarify some of the confusions in the debate on organisational and institutional development. 相似文献
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Jeffrey L. Geller William H. Fisher Albert J. Grudzinskas Jr. Jonathan C. Clayfield Ted Lawlor 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2006,29(6):551
In American jurisprudence, two justifications have traditionally been put forth to support the government's social control of persons with mental illness: police power and parens patriae. As public mental hospitals became less available as loci in which to exercise these functions, governments sought alternative means to achieve the same ends. One prominent but quite controversial means is involuntary outpatient treatment (IOT). While the concerns about IOT have been myriad, one often alluded to but never documented is that of “net-widening.” That is, once IOT became available, it would be applied to an ever greater number of individuals, progressively expanding the margins of the designated population to whom it is applied, despite the formal standard for its application remaining constant. We tested the net-widening belief in a naturalistic experiment in Massachusetts. We found that net-widening did not occur, despite an environment strongly conducive to that expansion. At this time, whatever the arguments against IOT might be, net-widening should not be one of them. 相似文献