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101.
Frances E. Lee 《American journal of political science》2003,47(4):714-728
This article argues that scholars need to consider the structure of House representation to better understand distributive politics. Because House districts (unlike states) are not administrative units in the federal system, House members cannot effectively claim credit for most grant-in-aid funds. Instead, their best credit-claiming opportunities lie in earmarked projects, a small fraction of federal grant dollars. As a consequence, I expect to find: (1) political factors have a much greater effect on the distribution of earmarked projects than on federal funds generally; and (2) project grants are a better support-building tool for coalition leaders than allocations to states. I test this argument with a study of the 1998 reauthorization of surface transportation programs and find strong support for both hypotheses . 相似文献
102.
This paper looks at the vast array of lawsuits filed by jail inmates challenging the conditions of their confinement. While
much attention has been focused on prison reform litigation, many of the nation's jails have been subject to civil rights
lawsuits, and many are now operating under some form of court order.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Criminal Justice Association, October
7–9, 1987, Birmingham, AL. 相似文献
103.
The success of the Child Support Enforcement Program has been questionable since its inception in 1975. This paper attempts to measure the success of the state CSE programs through the development of several performance measures. 相似文献
104.
Carolyn J. Heinrich Patricia Burch Annalee Good Rudy Acosta Huiping Cheng Marcus Dillender Christi Kirshbaum Hiren Nisar Mary Stewart 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2014,33(2):471-494
School districts are spending millions on tutoring outside regular school day hours for economically and academically disadvantaged students in need of extra academic assistance. Under No Child Left Behind (NCLB), parents of children in persistently low‐performing schools were allowed to choose their child's tutoring provider, and together with school districts, they were also primarily responsible for holding providers in the private market accountable for performance. We present results from a multisite, mixed‐method longitudinal study of the impact of out‐of‐school time (OST) tutoring on student reading and mathematics achievement that link provider attributes and policy and program administration variables to tutoring program effectiveness. We find that many students are not getting enough hours of high‐quality, differentiated instruction to produce significant gains in their learning, in part because of high hourly rates charged by providers for tutoring. We identify strategies and policy levers that school districts can use to improve OST tutoring policy design and launch improved programs as waivers from NCLB are granted. 相似文献
105.
Frances Moore Lappé 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(1):219-238
Solutions to world hunger continue to be impeded by a frame – a set of assumptions – that keeps much of humanity focusing narrowly on quantitative growth. The result is greater food production and greater hunger. Yet, across the world another way of seeing, one grounded in the relational insights of ecology, is transforming food systems in ways that both enhance flora and fauna and strengthen human relationships, enabling farmers to gain a greater voice in food production and fairer access to the food produced. 相似文献
106.
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109.
Gibson F 《Journal of law and medicine》2011,19(1):101-111
There are more people with disabilities than any other minority group in the United States. However, little attention is paid to lawyers and potential lawyers with disabilities. This article examines difficulties faced by people with a disability as law students through to participation in the legal profession. Aspects of discrimination and issues relating to discipline of lawyers and disabilities are canvassed. The legal profession in the United States is taking steps to increase representation of people with a disability in its ranks but it is a slow process. 相似文献
110.
Karin V. Rhodes Catherine Cerulli Melissa E. Dichter Catherine L. Kothari Frances K. Barg 《Journal of family violence》2010,25(5):485-493
For mothers, intimate partner violence (IPV) presents a concern not only for their own well-being but also for that of their
children who are exposed to the violence and its aftermath. In focus groups with adult women (N = 39) across three jurisdictions who had experienced legal system intervention for IPV victimization, mothers raised unsolicited
concerns about the negative effects of IPV exposure on their children. These comments were not prompted by the facilitator
but were raised by women in all seven of the focus groups during discussions about motivations and barriers to participation
in prosecution of their abusive partners. The overall message was that victims with children felt very conflicted. Children
both facilitate and inhibit leaving the abusive relationship. Mothers wanted to spare their children from harmful effects
of violence but also wanted to keep their families together and protect their children from potential agitation and instability
caused by legal system involvement. Participants described how fears and threats of involvement from child protective services
inhibited help-seeking while simultaneously voicing a desire for services that would help their children. More research is
needed to help service providers understand the quagmire mothers who are victims of IPV encounter regarding their children’s
wellbeing. 相似文献