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91.
Previous work in American state politics shows that an accurate measure of legislative decision-making attributes can be a useful tool for empirical research. Using data from a new survey of state legislators, conducted in 1981, the present analysis includes both an improved survey item and a sophisticated scaling procedure. 相似文献
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93.
This paper presents a study of the concepts of transferring computer technology among city governments. A sample of cities from a domestic population and an international population are used as the basis of the research. Contrary to expectation, and for both populations, the survey indicated the level of computer applications transfer among cities was found to be low compared to the amount of total application development. It was determined that an important source of transfer information was from “centers” such as the federal government, vendors, and transfer agencies, rather than city to city. International cities that were studied seem to experience a propensity toward centralized control at the national level. These controls often include the transfer of technical information. Further, the types of transfer may vary widely between the domestic vs the international cities. That is, domestic city transfers tend to be operations-oriented, while transfers from national centers tend to be management oriented. In general the study supported prior conclusions concerning the difficulties of transfer. The problem of mismatch and difficulties in modification make transfers very risky. Even so, there are many persons willing to take the risks in order to try to achieve lower costs and to realize the opportunity to obtain sophisticated applications. 相似文献
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96.
Francis LJ Gubb S Robbins M 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2012,40(3):233-245
Building on a series of recent studies concerned with assessing work-related psychological health and psychological type among various groups of church leaders, this study reports new data provided by 134 Lead Elders within the Newfrontiers network of churches in the United Kingdom who completed the Francis Psychological Type Scales (FPTS) together with the two scales of the Francis Burnout Inventory (FBI) concerned with emotional exhaustion and satisfaction in ministry. Compared with other groups of church leaders, Lead Elders within the Newfrontiers network of churches reported lower levels of emotional exhaustion and higher levels of satisfaction in ministry. Compared with other groups of church leaders, there was a higher proportion of extraverts among Lead Elders within the Newfrontiers network of churches. There was only a weak association between psychological type and burnout. 相似文献
97.
Messinger AM Rickert VI Fry DA Lessel H Davidson LL 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2012,27(14):2920-2935
A growing literature suggests that communication strategies can promote or inhibit intimate partner violence (IPV). Research on communication is still needed on a group ripe for early IPV intervention: high school-aged adolescents. This article revisits our previous analyses of young female reproductive clinic patients (Messinger, Davidson, & Rickert, 2011) by examining how the adolescent and young adult respondents differ. To explore replicability of the adolescent results across populations, they are compared to 487 adolescent female students sampled from four urban high schools. Across samples, all communication strategies were used more frequently within violent relationships. Multivariate analysis identified escalating strategies used and received as being positively associated with physical violence used and received in all three samples. Regarding verbal reasoning and temporary conflict avoidance, substantial differences appeared between the young adult and adolescent clinic samples, and results from the adolescent clinic sample were largely replicated with the adolescent school sample, suggesting that young adult samples in this literature are not adequate proxies for adolescents. 相似文献
98.
Statutes criminalizing behavior that risks transmission of HIV/AIDS exemplify use of the criminal law against individuals
who are victims of infectious disease. These statutes, despite their frequency, are misguided in terms of the goals of the
criminal law and the public health aim of reducing overall burdens of disease, for at least three important reasons. First,
they identify individual offenders for punishment, a paradigm that is misplaced in the most typical contexts of transmission
of infectious disease and even for HIV/AIDS, despite claims of AIDS exceptionalism. Second, although there are examples of
individuals who transmit infectious disease in a manner that fits the criminal law paradigm of identification of individual
offenders for deterrence or retribution, these examples are limited and can be accommodated by existing criminal laws not
devoted specifically to infectious disease. Third, and most importantly, the current criminal laws regarding HIV/AIDS, like
many other criminal laws applied to infectious disease transmission, have been misguided in focusing on punishment of the
diseased individual as a wrongful transmitter. Instead of individual offenders, activities that enhance the scale of disease
transmission—behaviors that might be characterized as ‘transmission facilitation’—are a more appropriate target for the criminal
law. Examples are trafficking in human beings (including sex trafficking, organ trafficking, and labor trafficking), suppression
of information about the emergence of infection in circumstances in which there is a legally established obligation to disclose,
and intentional or reckless activities to discourage disease treatment or prevention. Difficulties remain with justifications
for criminalizing even these behaviors, however, most importantly the need for trust in reducing overall burdens of disease,
problems in identifying individual responsible offenders, and potential misalignment between static criminal law and the changing
nature of infectious disease. 相似文献
99.
The present study aimed to examine the difference in self-control strength between individuals with and without antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in a Chinese male prisoner sample. Thirty-seven male inmates who met the criteria for DSM-IV ASPD and 38 who did not were asked to watch a four-minute silent videotape of an interview, and ignore the words displayed on screen during the videotape to deplete their ego strength. A handgrip task was conducted both before and after watching the videotape, with participants’ time squeezing the handgrip being the dependent variable. Result showed a significant interaction between group (ASPD/no-ASPD group) and time (baseline/post-manipulation measure). The post-manipulation result was significantly worse than the baseline result for the ASPD group, but not for the no-ASPD group. These results indicate that tasks that contribute to ego depletion lead to a deficit of self-control strength in prisoners with ASPD. 相似文献
100.
Eric L. Piza Joel M. Caplan Leslie W. Kennedy 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2014,30(2):237-264