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81.
Previous work in American state politics shows that an accurate measure of legislative decision-making attributes can be a useful tool for empirical research. Using data from a new survey of state legislators, conducted in 1981, the present analysis includes both an improved survey item and a sophisticated scaling procedure. 相似文献
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85.
Providing effective corporate governance regulation and controls is a contemporary challenge to all law makers. There exists a need to restore investor confidence while seeking to facilitate and encourage enterprise. This paper reflects on the traditional choice between shareholder versus stakeholder models of corporate governance and suggests that these are inappropriate in the light of emerging news theories of the firm. Instead this paper suggests that law makers should accommodate a shift away from the traditional paradigms of these models in favour of a processual approach of governance. This would require a recognition of the tensions that exist in the regulation of corporate governance and invite the application of a collibratory process to the control of governance. The development and reform of directors’ duties and liabilities, in the UK, is provided as an illustration of the need for the recognised application of a collibratory process. Within that we also consider the application of the economists concept of ‘rent-seeking’ and the conflict between private property rights and public interference.JEL M14, D72, K22, K33 相似文献
86.
Francis LJ Gubb S Robbins M 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2012,40(3):233-245
Building on a series of recent studies concerned with assessing work-related psychological health and psychological type among various groups of church leaders, this study reports new data provided by 134 Lead Elders within the Newfrontiers network of churches in the United Kingdom who completed the Francis Psychological Type Scales (FPTS) together with the two scales of the Francis Burnout Inventory (FBI) concerned with emotional exhaustion and satisfaction in ministry. Compared with other groups of church leaders, Lead Elders within the Newfrontiers network of churches reported lower levels of emotional exhaustion and higher levels of satisfaction in ministry. Compared with other groups of church leaders, there was a higher proportion of extraverts among Lead Elders within the Newfrontiers network of churches. There was only a weak association between psychological type and burnout. 相似文献
87.
Bresson F Ducouret J Peyré J Maréchal C Delille R Colard T Demondion X 《Forensic science international》2012,217(1-3):113-118
We study in this paper the expanding behaviour of hollow point 9 mm Parabellum projectiles (Hornady XTP(?) and Speer Gold Dot(?)). We defined a deformation rate that takes into account both the diameter increase and the length reduction. We plotted the behaviour of this parameter versus impact velocity (we refer to this curve as the expanding law). This expanding law has been plotted for different gelatin weight ratios and different gelatin block lengths. We completed our experiments with a set of high speed movies in order to correlate the deceleration to the state of expansion and size of the temporary cavity. Our results pointed out that full expansion is reached shortly after the projectile fully penetrates the gelatin. This result shows that the key point to accurately simulate human body interaction with a hollow point projectile is to accurately simulate the interface (skin, skull, clothes thoracic walls). Simulating accurately organs is only an issue if a quantitative comparison between penetration depths is required, but not if we only focus on the state of expansion of the projectile. By varying the gelatin parameters, we discovered that the expanding law exhibits a velocity threshold below which no expansion occurs, followed by a rather linear curve. The parameters of that expanding law (velocity threshold and line slope) vary with the gelatin parameters, but our quantitative results demonstrate that these parameters are not extremely critical. Finally, our experiments demonstrate that the knowledge of the expansion law can be a useful tool to investigate a gunshot in a human body with a semi-jacketed projectile, giving an estimation of the impact velocity and thus the shooting distance. 相似文献
88.
Statutes criminalizing behavior that risks transmission of HIV/AIDS exemplify use of the criminal law against individuals
who are victims of infectious disease. These statutes, despite their frequency, are misguided in terms of the goals of the
criminal law and the public health aim of reducing overall burdens of disease, for at least three important reasons. First,
they identify individual offenders for punishment, a paradigm that is misplaced in the most typical contexts of transmission
of infectious disease and even for HIV/AIDS, despite claims of AIDS exceptionalism. Second, although there are examples of
individuals who transmit infectious disease in a manner that fits the criminal law paradigm of identification of individual
offenders for deterrence or retribution, these examples are limited and can be accommodated by existing criminal laws not
devoted specifically to infectious disease. Third, and most importantly, the current criminal laws regarding HIV/AIDS, like
many other criminal laws applied to infectious disease transmission, have been misguided in focusing on punishment of the
diseased individual as a wrongful transmitter. Instead of individual offenders, activities that enhance the scale of disease
transmission—behaviors that might be characterized as ‘transmission facilitation’—are a more appropriate target for the criminal
law. Examples are trafficking in human beings (including sex trafficking, organ trafficking, and labor trafficking), suppression
of information about the emergence of infection in circumstances in which there is a legally established obligation to disclose,
and intentional or reckless activities to discourage disease treatment or prevention. Difficulties remain with justifications
for criminalizing even these behaviors, however, most importantly the need for trust in reducing overall burdens of disease,
problems in identifying individual responsible offenders, and potential misalignment between static criminal law and the changing
nature of infectious disease. 相似文献
89.
The present study aimed to examine the difference in self-control strength between individuals with and without antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in a Chinese male prisoner sample. Thirty-seven male inmates who met the criteria for DSM-IV ASPD and 38 who did not were asked to watch a four-minute silent videotape of an interview, and ignore the words displayed on screen during the videotape to deplete their ego strength. A handgrip task was conducted both before and after watching the videotape, with participants’ time squeezing the handgrip being the dependent variable. Result showed a significant interaction between group (ASPD/no-ASPD group) and time (baseline/post-manipulation measure). The post-manipulation result was significantly worse than the baseline result for the ASPD group, but not for the no-ASPD group. These results indicate that tasks that contribute to ego depletion lead to a deficit of self-control strength in prisoners with ASPD. 相似文献
90.
With the use of immunohistochemistry, the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in early acute myocardial ischemia of rats was studied. It was observed that there was an initial (30 min) rise in bFGF expression in limited ischemic myocardium areas and perimyocardial ischemia areas. The grade of expression of bFGF increased with the continuation of ischemia. The results of image analysis and statistical process suggested that the expression of bFGF reach a high level in ischemic myocardial areas after three hour's of ischemia, significantly higher than in control group and in group B1, but no significant difference in pericardial ischemia areas and normal areas of the same group. In summary, early acute myocardial ischemia is accompanied by rapid and prolonged increase in expression of bFGF with characteristic spatial and temporal kinetic. This finding suggests that the immunohistochemical staining of bFGF provide objective morphologic evidence for the diagnosis of early myocardial ischemia. 相似文献