WHAT IS A “GOOD” SOCIAL NETWORK FOR POLICY IMPLEMENTATION? THE FLOW OF KNOW‐HOW FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE

This study concerns how intraorganizational networks affect the implementation of policies and practices in organizations. In particular, we attend to the role of the informal subgroup or clique in cultivating and distributing locally adapted and integrated knowledge, or know‐how. We develop two hypotheses based on the importance of intraorganizational coordination for an organization's capacity for change. The first emphasizes the importance of distributing know‐how evenly to potential recipient subgroups. The second emphasizes the importance of restricting know‐how to flow from high know‐how subgroups. We test our hypotheses with longitudinal network data in 21 schools, finding stronger support for the second hypothesis than the first. Our findings can help managers cultivate know‐how flows to contribute to organizational change.     

中国镍白铜技术发明演变为“德国银”专利的历史考证

通过对欧洲现存专利文本、科学实验及调查研究,证明在19世纪初西方曾利用中国古代冶金技术史上一项重要发明——镍白铜技术发明申请专利并获得保护,随后出现了"德国银"生产的兴起。西方近代史是资本主义萌芽、产生、确立的历史,也是专利制度建立的历史,在这一时期,中国科技、经济却从兴盛走向落后。西方曾经盗用中国技术并申请专利保护,故此应该让人们加强知识产权保护意识,保护自己民族的发明创造。     

From Aftermath to Peace: Reflections on a Photography of Peace

International Relations (IR) literature on the visual construction of the international does not systematically engage with the visualisation of peace. In this article, I make photographic discourses available to IR scholars interested in the visual construction of the international and invite IR scholars to substantialise these discourses based on their specialist knowledge on war, violence, conflict and peace. I engage with aftermath photography by challenging its almost exclusive focus on war and the legacy of violence. Furthermore, I engage with Fred Ritchin's notion of peace photography and Cynthia Weber's attempts at visualising peace. Problematising claims to universality, generalisability and causality, I emphasise that the relation between images and peace is episodic, not causal; that visions of peace, reflecting specific cultural configurations, cannot claim universal validity; and that peace photography has to move beyond aftermath photography's focus on the legacies of the past. Finally, I briefly look at the work of Joel Meyerowitz and Rineke Dijkstra, the one displaying aftermath as a beginning sustaining power, the other photographically accompanying a person's adaptation to a new, more peaceful environment.     

人职匹配理论视域下高职院校就业模型的建构

基于人职匹配理论构建高职院校就业模型,即“3+1”模型,“3”指的是三个指标体系:人才培养评估体系、岗位分析体系、人职匹配结合体系;“1”指的是影响匹配模式建立的环境变量.在此基础上,有针对性地提出相关对策,以帮助高职学生科学规划职业生涯,提升高职毕业生就业质量.     

我国侦查模式改革的路径选择——以“一长四必”新机制之实施为视角

在司法改革的大环境之下,我国侦查模式也经历着从"口供本位"向"物证本位"转型的关键时刻。2014年公安部为进一步推动侦查模式之转型,出台了"一长四必"现场勘验新机制,并迅速在全国侦查机关中予以实施。从该机制之内容与推行方式可见我国侦查模式改革依然延续着以往运动式改革之路径。以广州市两基层公安机关在2012年至2015年现场勘验情况为样本,考察现场勘验新机制的实施效果并进而分析现有改革路径的正确性。调查结果显示:"一长四必"现场勘验新机制虽然短期效果显著却不利于"物证本位"侦查模式的构建和发展,有必要在保留其优势的同时做出调整,改变对短期效应的过分追求,重视侦查队伍的专业化建设,赋予侦查人员凭借专业知识做出判断的权力,同时完善侦查取证的配套法律法规,为侦查活动提供规范与指引。     

新中国成立初期北京市区各界人民代表会议的历史考察

新中国成立初期,北京市各区实行了各界人民代表会议这一基层政权的过渡组织形式。通过区代会,中共领导广大市民参政议政、管理国家事务,建立和巩固了新民主主义政权。在区代会具体的运作过程中,中共将自己"阶级政策"和"民主运动"紧密地结合在一起,形成了以"协商"为核心的中国特色民主。但区代会也不可避免地有其历史局限性。     

新世纪以来印度的通货膨胀与经济增长

2000年以来，印度在经济增长的同时较好地控制了通货膨胀。2008年后，印度经济运行逐步呈现出经济增长减缓和通货膨胀加剧的困境。就印度而言，过量的货币供给、宏观经济政策不当、人口和收入增加、输入型通胀压力和经济结构等成为当前通货膨胀恶化的主因素。为此，印度政府动用货币政策、财政政策和产业政策等多种措施来控制通货膨胀和保持经济增长。印度的经验表明，只有综合利用各种政策措施，才能最终实现经济增长和通胀稳定的双重目标。     

新经济政策时期苏联社会组织管理体制的初创与确立

新经济政策时期是苏俄社会组织发展的"黄金时代"。苏维埃国家在这一时期探索建立社会组织管理体制。1921年3月-1924年5月,社会组织管理体制初创,建立了宪法框架下社会组织部分自治的管理体制。从1924年5月至1928年2月,随着在经济领域运用市场经济机制措施的收缩,开始构建苏共主导型的社会组织管理体制。1930 年 8 月通过了关于社会组织的新的条例,明确地将社会组织的宗旨与苏联社会主义的战略目标联系在一起。该条例的颁布和实行,标志着宪法框架下部分自治的管理体制终结,苏共主导型的社会组织管理体制确立。新经济政策时期社会组织管理体制的初创与确立,是年轻的苏维埃国家摸索和建立治理国家模式,从相对分权到中央集权的一个缩影和组成部分。     

东南亚金融危机以来新加坡华人中小企业变化发展分析

在东南亚各国中新加坡是唯一华族人口占绝大多数的国家,华人经济在新加坡经济发展过程中一直占据重要的地位。本文以1997年东南亚金融危机以来新加坡华人中小企业变化发展为主线,对1997—2008年期间,新加坡华人中小企业变化和发展状况及特点进行分析。尽管1997年金融危机对新加坡华人中小企业冲击较大,但相对东南亚其他国家华人企业而言,新加坡华人中小企业在这十年中得到较快的恢复并迅速发展,尤其是新加坡华人中小企业国际化步伐的加快,对中国中小企业走出去具有重要的借鉴意义。     

A test of the escape from the persistence of backwardness

A model was constructed and estimated for the Japanese economy from 1872 to 1937. Although the model is limited in scope due to limited data availability, it is capable of testing the escape from the trap hypothesis of which Japan is a popular candidate. An examination of the basic difference equation in all periods indicated that Japan did escape the trap during the period 1873–74. Care should be taken in evaluating the evidence. Clearly, the trap is not verified within the range of the data. Consequently, what appears to be evidence of an escape from the trap is suspicious. An economy could tend to move away from an unstable equilibrium level of per capita income without moving toward a low level stable equilibrium level of per capita income when the rate of change in per capita income is negative. But the evidence does support a turning point in Japan's efforts to develop. After 1873–74 Japan was able to achieve a sustained rise in per capita income. The results of this study identify an escape from a persistence of backwardness in terms of per capita income regardless of whether or not that escape was one from a low level equilibrium trap.