基于职业发展的机关基层公务员培训与开发探析

机关基层机关基层公务员培训与开发在公务员队伍管理中占有重要的地位。目前，我国机关基层公务员培训主要存在忽视培训需求、培训内容和开发方式单一、培训效果难以衡量等缺陷。因此，机关基层公务员培训与开发应多方面分析培训需求、重视培训内容和开发方式的多样性和交叉替补性、运用柯氏评估模型关注行为层次的培训评估、尝试建立公务员系统的专业技术体系拓展基层公务员的职业发展空间等等是基于职业发展的机关基层公务员培训与开发的必要措施。     

预防流动人口犯罪问题探析

对流动人口的管理,要因势利导,兴利除弊,充分发挥各地区、各部门的职能作用,坚持齐抓共管、综合治理;坚持服务、教育、疏导与管理并重,保护合法、打击犯罪并举,为城市经济发展和社会进步做出积极贡献。     

The selection of endogenous genes in human postmortem tissues

Precisely determining the postmortem interval (PMI), which is crucial to criminal and forensic cases, is a research in which quantitative RT-PCR (also known as qRT-PCR or real-time RT-PCR) has been used to analyse gene expression levels and data normalisation should be required to eliminate the differences among the samples. Therefore, it is quite necessary to find stable molecular biological markers in PMI determination research. In this study, we compared nine commonly used endogenous markers (containing ACTB, GAPDH, B2M, U6, 18S rRNA, hsa-mir-1, hsa-mir-9, hsa-mir-194-1 and hsa-mir-203) in the 109 human tissue samples obtained from autopsy at the aim of finding stable markers in human tissues with consideration of the impact of parameters (PMI and cause of death). After RNA was extracted from four tissues (heart, brain, kidney, skin), the Ct values of nine endogenous markers were obtained by qRT-PCR and assessed by geNorm software. The results showed that U6, GAPDH and 18S rRNA were the suitable markers in our set of samples in various corpse conditions, that B2M and ACTB were reliable internal controls in heart tissue only, and that microRNAs had such high M values that they should not be chosen for endogenous control genes.     

论地方人大常委会对地方“两院”规范性文件备案审查的正当性

地方法院和检察院制定的规范性文件是否应纳入同级人大常委会规范性文件备案审查范围,争议已久。目前对地方“两院”规范性文件采取的内部监督方式,无疑缺乏刚性和公信力。地方人大常委会对同级地方“两院”规范性文件备案审查的正当性一方面基于它的权利属性,另一方面也不存在所谓个案监督、干涉司法权独立等情形。     

地方合作对政府间关系的拓展

经过几个历史时期的发展,我国的地方合作取得了较大成效。当前蓬勃发展的地方合作,丰富了地方政府的权力来源,强化了省级政府的协调权力,改变了地方政府谋求利益的方式,有利于地方政府间的共赢。同时,地方合作的深化使得政府间关系呈现网络状的发展态势,导致了区域的重新整合,也使得城市群(圈)的地位更加突出。地方合作对政府间关系的这种拓展,应该给予积极的评价。     

苗绣浅议

苗绣起源于古代濮人的雕题纹身,其图案纹锦内容广泛,是苗族传统优秀文化的表现形式之一,2006年经国务院批准列入第一批国家级物质文化遗产名录。     

Forecasting the 2010 general election using aggregate local election data

The paper presents a revised method for estimating national vote shares using aggregate data from local government by-elections. The model was originally developed to forecast the annual outcome of local elections but was adapted in time to provide an accurate forecast of Labour’s landslide victory at the 1997 general election. However, over the past decade the changing pattern of party competition which has seen parties becoming more selective about which elections to contest has led to more elections being excluded from the modelling because they failed to meet the exacting criteria that all three major parties, Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrats, had contested both the by-election and the previous main election, normally held in May. Relaxing these criteria, although increasing the number of available cases would adversely affect the forecast, over- or under-estimating party votes. Instead, the revised method overcomes the problem of differential competition by estimating vote shares for parties that contest one but not both elections. A further innovation is the calculation of a weighted moving quarterly average which takes account of the number of days elapsed between the by-election date and the date of forecast. Using the new method we provide estimates for likely party shares for the 2010 general election.     

刑事裁判解释的规范化和具体化解析

规范化解释和具体化解释是我国解决刑事审判法律应用问题的两种方法,其中又以规范化解释为重点。规范化解释具有概括性、强制性、普遍性等特征。规范化解释和罪刑法定原则、罪责刑相适应原则、刑法目的都存在一定的冲突。规范化解释可以限制自由裁量权,但不能消除自由裁量权,更无法消除司法腐败。规范化解释可以规范一定的司法行为,但会严重影响法官审判的主动性和独立性。具体化解释符合刑事审判的特征,有利于厘清立法权和司法权的界限,是解决刑事审判法律应用问题的根本途径和最佳选择。     

采用无创性核磁共振技术进行损伤时间推断初探

目的建立大鼠皮肤损伤核磁共振（nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR）检测方法,探讨其在法医学中应用的意义。方法雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为皮肤切创和挫伤组,分别在大鼠背部制作皮肤切创和挫伤,各组分别在损伤后0h、4h、8h取皮肤组织及对侧无损伤部位皮肤,检测NMR一维1H谱,观察受创皮肤的分子代谢产物随损伤时间的变化规律。结果挫伤组、切创组背部损伤处皮肤的1H-NMR图谱在损伤后4h和8h分别检测到较多NMR波峰,波峰的高度和总面积也发生了改变,与对照部位皮肤相比,存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论核磁共振技术检测组织代谢产物有望用于损伤经过时间的法医学检验。     

不同温度下大鼠皮肤5种RNA指标与PMI的相关性

目的探讨大鼠皮肤内β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)、18S核糖体RNA(18S ribosomal RNA,18S rRNA)、5S核糖体RNA(5S ribosomal RNA,5S rRNA)以及微小RNA-203(microRNA-203,miR-203)这5种RNA指标在不同温度下的表达水平与死亡时间(PMI)的相关性。方法将18只SD大鼠随机分为3组,处死后分别置于4℃、15℃和35℃的环境中,于死后0~120h内11个时间点取大鼠腹部皮肤。抽提皮肤总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测5种RNA表达水平。运用geNorm软件选取合适内参后,利用GraphPad软件对内参标准化的RNA指标进行回归分析。结果 5S rRNA和miR-203作为内参最合适。在4℃和15℃温度组中,β-actin和GAPDH的表达量变化与PMI线性关系良好。在35℃下,β-actin和GAPDH与PMI呈现S形曲线关系。而18S rRNA只在15℃和35℃温度组呈现一定的线性关系。结论皮肤组织比较适合作为提取RNA的检材,其中β-actin和GAPDH表达水平与PMI相关性良好,有望成为推测PMI的辅助指标。