Police use of force: examining the relationship between calls for service and the balance of police force and suspect resistance

Over the past decade, the use of force by the police has become an important public policy concern and topic of social science research. A number of researchers hypothesized about the factors that explain the amount of force used by police officers. Prior research focused almost exclusively on the highest level of force used in police-citizen interactions and neglected to examine the relative amount of forced used by the police compared to that used by suspects. To address this shortcoming, this study analyzed data from three years of official use-of-force reports in the Miami-Dade Police Department (MDPD). Contrary to studies that examine only the use of force by the police, this study found that the relative amount of force used by the police was greatest in the less threatening types of offenses. The implications of this study for research and policy are discussed.     

Gutachterkosten, Anlagenüberwachung, BImSchG

Keine Zusammenfassung     

Assessing law enforcement preparedness to address Internet fraud

Recent societal concern regarding computer crime was well documented in the research literature. To date, however, modest research addressed how large, local police and sheriff's departments confront Internet fraud. Using data collected from surveys distributed to the seven hundred largest police- and sheriff's departments, the present article addresses law enforcement: (1) preparedness to enforce Internet fraud crimes; (2) perceptions of Internet fraud; (3) cooperative policing efforts; and (4) Internet fraud information dissemination practices. Among other things, results suggested that individuals within these departments believed Internet fraud was problematic, although they lacked the resources to properly address the problem. These results are discussed as they relate to the organizational design of law enforcement agencies and their potential to adapt to innovative crimes. Suggestions are offered for a more effective approach to confronting Internet fraud.     

Anforderungen an ein Betriebs- und Geschäftsgeheimnisses

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Hard choices: targeting long-term care to the "at risk" aged

Recent expansion of Medicaid coverage to home- and community-based long-term care moves that payment program away from its traditional institutional bias. But tension over the appropriate role of home care and fears of budget-busting have caused the current administration to set goals for the states that may be impossible to achieve.     

Mit § 3 Abs. 2 des Niedersächsischen Gesetzes über das Halten von Hunden i.d.F. vom 30.10.2003 hat der Gesetzgeber eine Rechtsgrundlage für Grundrechtseingriffe geschaffen, mit denen bereits einer möglichen Gefahr (Gefahrenverdacht oder Besorgnispotential) begegnet werden soll

Keine Zusammenfassung     

Forecasting economies in transition: The case of Romania

Structural change is endemic in the Eastern European economies and the newly emerging Commonwealth of Independent States yet conventional econometric modelling techniques proceed under the assumption that there is a structurally stable ‘true’ economy to be discovered. This paper extends the analysis of Hall (1993) by exploring the consequences of endemic structural change for forecasting and building structural econometric models. We propose a model formulation which makes the econometric model itself able to adjust its parameters in the light of economic change using the Kalman Filter. The paper then illustrates this approach by building a small model of Romania and investigating its forecasting properties.