应用写作要力求真善美

本文从应用文体作用的特殊性出发,对其有别于其他文体的内容之“真”、“善”和形式之“美”进行了分析,并探讨了实现其“真”、“善”、“美”的基本要求和主要途径。     

Preliminary data on the usefulness of internal transcribed spacer I (ITS1) sequence in Cannabis sativa L. identification.

A method is described to identify an unknown sample of plant material of forensic interest as Cannabis sativa L. The method consists in comparing the sequence of the nuclear ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer I (ITS1) of the unknown sample with a Cannabis sequence. Our preliminary results show that the ITS1 is an ideal molecule for the identification of a sample suspected to be marijuana.     

"A brilliant ball of fire." The sabotage of United Airlines Flight 629

Among the known causes of aircraft disasters, sabotage is perhaps the most terrifying and difficult to comprehend. Bombs have been exploded in at least 34 commercial aircraft, with the resultant loss of more than 300 lives. Motives for these acts include profit, the deaths of certain persons, and politics. On November 1, 1955, United Airlines Flight 629, bound to Denver-Portland, exploded and burned in flight near Longmont, Colorado, a few minutes after takeoff, with the loss of all 44 on board. Investigation revealed that the plane had been destroyed by the explosion of a bomb that had been placed in the rear luggage hold in Denver. Twelve days after the disaster, John Gilbert Graham, the son of one of the female passengers, was arrested and charged with murder. He reportedly admitted placing a time bomb on board the aircraft, apparently in order to collect $37,500.00 in life insurance that he had taken on his mother's life. Though he soon recanted, he was convicted of murder and was executed. The potential for additional such crimes remains.     

The Effect of Distributive Justice on Willingness to Pay for Municipality Child Care: An Extension of the GEF Hypothesis

Public-goods dilemmas are characterized by conflicts between self-interest and the welfare of a group or society at large. Research has identified several factors that enhance cooperation in such dilemmas. However, less is known about how concern for distributive justice affects willingness to contribute in asymmetric public-goods dilemmas. To test the hypothesis that contributions to a common resource is related to perceived fairness, experiments were performed to investigate willingness to pay to the social service of child care in hypothetical societies. Experiment 1 aimed at replicating a previous survey study (Biel et al., 1997). Experiments 2 and 3 were extensions. In all three experiments subjects were asked to indicate how fair they considered different distributions of the quality of child care provided by their municipality. These distributions corresponded to the principles of equality, equity, and need. University students (32, 48, and 32 in the three experiments, respectively) served as subjects. Ratings of perceived fairness were positively related to willingness to pay. Other factors also positively related to willingness to pay included ability to pay, personal need, expected payment from others, and the number of households who had to contribute in order to maintain the quality. Furthermore, decreasing municipality size increased willingness to pay.     

Determination of the Lewis blood group substances in stains of forensically relevant body fluids

Forensic investigations often demand a clear definition of secretor status. Lewis-typing of secretion stains may help to verify non-secretor results and to identify mixtures of secretions from Le (a-b-) persons and secretors (or non-secretors). Furthermore it gives an additional check on secretor status, determined by ABO-grouping. Few problems may arise, when testing prepared saliva or semen stains. Therefore our interest was focussed on the possibility of Lewis-typing in stains appearing in forensic case work such as cigarette tips, stamps and envelope flaps, semen stains and vaginal swabs, nasal secretion, sweat and urine stains. All stains with the exception of sweat and urine were successfully Lewis-typed. In saliva stains Lewis substances could be determined even after 5 years and in semen stains for at least up to 40 days.     

Assessing child maltreatment risk in the recently divorced parent-child relationship

Reports of single-parent-child relationships characterized by child maltreatment have increased in recent years. The present paper discusses Belsky's child maltreatment/parenting model concerning parenting and the etiology of this problem. The model may serve as a source of conceptual unification of this risk in single-parent homes. It is proposed that the model also may have heuristic value in identifying highest risk single-parent families who warrant intervention.     

大部制改革的一个新范例：杭州市综合考评体制的“大监督”模式研究

在中国实行大部制改革不应该是简单的职能和机构的重组与合并，其核心在于处理决策、执行与监督权的关系，这层关系的处理必然涉及到执政党、人大与政府等主体的关系。西方的大部制改革无法为中国行政体制改革提供完整的经验，必须立足中国本土的资源来探讨中国式大部制改革的方案。杭州市综合考评体制整合执政党、政府和人大等机关进行多层面的综合考评经验为大部制改革提供了一个“大监督”模式。这一范例为推进在更高层面“建立健全决策权、执行权、监督权既相互制约又相互协调的权力结构和运行机制”提供了可贵的经验，但其本身仍面临许多亟待解决的问题。     

浅析孙伟铭以危险方法危害公共安全罪案

当交通工具演变为杀人机器时，“交通肇事”即发生质变成为了其他危险方法；当法律拟制的过失被证据推翻时，间接故意自然同时被证明成立；当犯罪未遂中的间接故意难以证明时，司法实践往往选择了结果发生后的犯罪既遂提起诉讼。     

一九七七年中央工作会议研究

1977年3月的中央工作会议是粉碎四人帮后召开的第一次中央工作会议,这次会议第一次较为系统地提出了走向大治的基本方针;重新肯定了1975年全面整顿工作所取得的成绩,正式宣布恢复并接续1975年全面整顿时期的措施和做法;对当时一些引起普遍关注的重大问题给予明确回答。尽管会议在总的指导思想上坚持并贯彻了两个凡是,但是,在宽松的环境中,会议也取得了一些积极成果,对后来形势的发展产生了积极影响。