拉美国家的贸易开放度研究

贸易开放是经济现代化的基本特征之一,GATT以及WTO等一些国际经济秩序的基本构成机制进一步推动了全球的贸易自由化,背离这一秩序或者趋势的结果是无法从他国的市场开放中获得益处。在出口导向战略实施了多年之后,目前拉美主要国家的贸易开放到底达到了一个什么样的程度正是我们所困惑的问题。本文以亚洲7个国家作为参照组,研究了1995年至2009年拉美7个国家(阿根廷、巴西、哥伦比亚、智利、墨西哥、秘鲁和委内瑞拉)的贸易开放程度。主要结论是,最近10多年,7个拉美国家的贸易开放度有了显著而稳步的上升,但与亚洲国家相比,拉美国家的贸易开放程度普遍略低。本文对于研究拉美国家经济开放程度与经济增长、国际贸易体制以及国内产业发展之间的关系,特别是中拉经贸关系发展前景等问题都具有基础性和阶段性的意义。     

“泛珠三角”区域合作在中国—东盟自由贸易区中的作用

泛珠三角区域合作是2003年在国家的指导下由广东省倡导的南方9省区和香港、澳门特别行政区共同推动的地区性合作。泛珠三角区域合作自诞生之日起就具有国际化色彩,它与中国—东盟自由贸易区(CAFTA)的建立有着密切的关系。泛珠三角区域合作是实现CAFTA的桥头堡,是中国与东盟共同发展、合作互利的路径选择。泛珠三角区域合作有利于中国与东盟的产业结构调整,对加速中国经济发展、实现区域合作有着重要的意义。     

文化意象视角下的语言相对主义

语言相对主义是萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说中的一部分,是关于语言、思维和文化之间关系的论述。基于这一理论,本文提出:语言相对主义本质上是一种多元文化理论,它实际上代表了语言研究中的人文主义传统,是一种以人类学、社会学为本的语言理论。从文化意象的视角来研究语言相对主义给这一理论注入了新的活力和提供了更强的解释力。     

东南亚五国宏观调控有效性及其经济增长动力分析——基于蒙代尔—弗莱明模型

在凯恩斯理论框架下,本文根据东南亚五国经济运行基本状况运用蒙代尔-弗莱明模型对其从1970年至今的经济运行做了数量实证.随后对宏观调控政策的有效性进行了理论分析,并引入VAR模型对分析进行了验证,实证认为:适度宽松的财政和货币政策、降低利率、增加政府支出、发展国际贸易以及扩大总供给是拉动经济增长的有效手段.     

北约介入阿富汗战争前景浅析

北约介入阿富汗战争是其走出地区实践全球化职能的一次大规模行动。北约联军现已深陷阿富汗战争泥潭,急欲寻找出路。然而,尽管北约成员国正按盟主美国的退出战略积极行动,试图采用政治、经济、军事手段并举的方式,在完成战略安排后从阿富汗全身而退,但阿富汗问题已经积重难返,不可能在短期内解决。北约联军在阿富汗的民心取向、阿富汗政府的治理能力、阿富汗安全部队的素质,以及北约在阿富汗的撤军时间表及相关的过渡性安排,均存在不利因素或不确定因素,这使得北约联军的阿富汗战争将无取胜可能,只是争取体面撤军问题。     

Age and sex related measurement of craniofacial soft tissue thickness and nasal profile in the Chinese population

The purpose of this study was to acquire accurate data of craniofacial soft tissue thickness (CFSTT) and nasal profile in Chinese people of Han population. A total of 31 anatomical landmarks and 4 nasal profile parameters were determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 425 subjects (233 males and 192 females). In the present study, the mean CFSTT values of male subjects exceeded those of female subjects at most anatomical landmarks except at seven (22.58%) and 6 out of the 7 landmarks were bilateral anatomical landmark points. The age-related and sex × age interactions were found to be statistically significant at all landmarks. Significant differences were found in the nasal profile data of males and females, and 15 out of 20 different groups had significant differences between sexes, and the mean values of nasal length, nasal height, nasal depth and nasal breadth in males were all greater than those in females. Furthermore, both CFSTT and nasal profile showed good correlation with age. The thickest CFSTT of male and female were found at the respective ages of 45-59 and 35-44, and the nasal profile becomes more constant after 24 years of age. CFSTT of the lower part of the face shows greater variation compared to the upper part, so special care needs to be applied when reconstructing the lower portion of the face. Our data on CFSTT and nasal profile for the Chinese Xi'an Han population is important in understanding craniofacial characteristics of the Chinese population and might be potentially helpful in forensic identification.     

Analysis and application of relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction

Through theoretical analysis and introduction of some empirical parameters, the relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance was studied concentratedly. Here, the post-braking-distance is the distance a vehicle will travel from the impact position to when it comes to a complete stop. Two useful formulas which are meaningful in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction were finally obtained. The first one can be used to calculate impact speed according to throw distance, while the other one can describe the relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance. Their feasibility has been validated by comparing with other scholars' empirical formulas and simulation results of software Pc-Crash, respectively. The relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance has very bright application perspective in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction such as helping policemen obtain more useful evidences, validating credibility of the throw distance, judging whether the vehicle is fully braked or not, determining the impact position etc. Finally its application was demonstrated by three cases, in which the impact speed was also calculated. All results until now have shown that conclusions obtained in this article are feasible and helpful in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction.     

广东省6～15周岁汉族人牙龄的研究

目的研究广东省6～15周岁人群牙齿钙化的规律,建立根据牙齿钙化程度推断未成年人年龄的方法。方法观测2 710例（男性1 363例,女性1 347例）广东省6～15周岁汉族人全口曲面断层影像片,对其下颌牙齿钙化程度进行评分分级,所得数据经SPSS软件统计分析,建立根据牙齿钙化程度推断年龄的方程,并以100例（男60例、女40例）研究外样本进行盲测。结果数据统计显示,两侧同名牙钙化评分分级值的差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,而性别间差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）;下颌单侧8颗牙齿的钙化评分分级值与年龄相关系数（r）女性为0.552～0.759,男性为0.672～0.838;所建回归模型拟合优度（R2）均在0.7以上,估计值标准误男性为0.91～1.11岁,女性为0.92～0.98岁;盲测推测年龄与真实年龄平均误差男性为0.429±0.282岁、女性为0.399±0.252岁。结论本研究所建方法推断结果准确可靠,可用于广东地区6～15周岁人群年龄推断。     

论宪法效力的终极依据

在法律的效力链条中,宪法常常被置于效力的终端。但是,宪法本身的效力依据,却是一个值得追问的终极性问题。宪法序言,就是宪法效力的终极依据。中国宪法序言是通过＂历史＂向宪法提供了终极性的效力依据或正当性依据。相比之下,美国宪法序言是通过＂契约＂向美国宪法提供了终极性的效力依据。     

经济增长与正式法律体系的作用

现有的关于正式法律对经济发展作用的文献大多着眼于法律的保护功能。了解中国法律和经济现状的发展的学者们的主流观点是正式法律在中国的经济发展中所起的作用不大,但是迄今为止尚无充足的证据支持上述观点。除了指出正式法律在合同履行和财产保护方面对中国的经济发展起到了一定的作用外,本文还指出了法律的其他作用,包括信号作用和自我承诺作用。