论公民对公共行政的参与:价值、形式与保障

20世纪70年代,民主渗透到行政领域,集中表现为公民对公共行政的直接参与,它有效弥补了自由主义民主建制合法性的流失。公民参与公共行政大致有四种实现形式,而实现的程度有赖于组织、精神、环境等因素的保障。     

关于建立农村高龄老人津贴制度的构想

我国农村75岁及以上的高龄老人,曾经为国家发展做出过"透支"性贡献,可目前他们基本上没有老年社会保障,从代际公正的原则出发,社会有责任通过种种必要的方式改变这种状况。本文以2000年全国第五次人口普查、2005年全国1%人口抽样调查等资料为主要依据,在研究了农村高龄老人的数量、生活、社保等基本情况后,提出应当给他们发放适量的"高龄老人津贴",真正体现人人共享、普遍受益这一社会发展的基本宗旨。     

转型期我国公务员行政伦理失范的原因及其治理对策——由温州市公务员行政伦理观调查引发的思考

转型期加快我国公务员行政伦理建设已经成为政府建设的新任务。本文从对温州市公务员行政伦理观的现状调查出发,从公务员自身素质不高、监督机制不健全、行政体制不完善、官本位和特权思想影响深远、行政环境变化深刻等角度分析其失范的原因,进而从加强行政伦理教育、加快行政伦理立法、完善行政伦理制度建设、强化对权力的监督与制约、重视行政组织文化建设等方面提出相应的治理对策。     

Inter-observer error for area of origin analysis using FARO Zone 3D

In a bloodletting incident, the area of origin (AO) of an impact bloodstain pattern is crucial when establishing the sequence of events. The use of laser scanners and other three-dimensional (3D) technologies to document and analyse bloodstains have been the subject of previous papers, especially where AO analysis is concerned. FARO Zone 3D (FZ3D) is a relatively new software programme that can be used for bloodstain AO analysis. FZ3D requires a greater understanding of inter-observer errors associated with AO. This study looked at the inter-observer variation between 21 examiners when repeatedly calculating the AO six times for a single impact pattern on a plain white wall. An impact rig which consisted of a spring tension arm was positioned and fixed 45 cm from the X wall (right wall), and 45 cm from the Y wall (left wall). This experimental design resembles an impact blow for a bloodletting event. The AO was unknown to all examiners, making it a blind study. The collected results were documented in a Microsoft Excel datasheet and later analysed. From previous literature, a 30 cm acceptable allowance was utilised for AO analysis; however, there is currently no accepted standard error for this type of analysis. The overall total 3D mean error for all examiners was 5.62 cm. The maximum error for any one impact analysis was 24.27 cm. The variation of the data, which was collected by all examiners, was documented as X = 1.14 cm, Y = 1.24 cm, Z = 1.68 cm, and the total 3D error = 2.28 cm. The total 3D error for any one examiner and the variance between examiners did not exceed the 30 cm acceptable allowance utilised in previous literature.     

体系·国家·社会·个体——中国外交的分析层次

在国际关系学科发展、中国学者的学术使命及民族关怀不断增强、中国外交现实政策需求的推动下,当代中国外交研究呈现出理论意识、主体性、规范性以及方法论意识等特点。笔者运用层次分析方法,把当代中国外交研究分为体系、国家、社会与个体四个分析层次,以此来考察中国外交研究领域的进展及存在的问题。笔者认为,理论多元主义、具体案例研究、实证主义与反思主义的并重,以及行为体与结构间互动,理应是当代中国外交研究进一步深入发展的重要环节。     

割裂下的融合:中国宪法与刑事诉讼法关系解读

当下中国的宪法超脱于刑事诉讼法之上,刑事诉讼法游离于宪法之外,两者之间呈现一种割裂的态势。然而,在割裂的大背景下,"宪政—富强"成为统摄宪法与刑事诉讼法的价值理念,为中心工作服务成为宪法与刑事诉讼法融合的连接点,以为中心工作服务为取向的中国式司法能动主义成为宪法与刑事诉讼法融合的关键因素,二者在这样一个背景下实现了"割裂下的融合"。