公务员职业倦怠现象探析——基于双因素理论的视角

本文阐述了当前公务员职业倦怠的内涵、现状以及危害,认为公务员职业倦怠主要涉及的是公务员个体与工作之间的不协调关系;其次,基于"双因素"的理论激励角度分析,认为工作的挑战性、缺乏竞争激励等因素导致了公务员职业倦怠现象的发生;最后,从"双因素"理论的激励因素六个维度引入工作特征模型,提出了具有激励作用的工作以及建立竞争性的激励机制等纾解公务员职业倦怠的对策。     

民间资本进入下自然垄断行业政府管制——基于可竞争市场理论的探讨

资本沉淀、不合理的政府管制导致自然垄断行业有效竞争不足,民间资本始终徘徊在行业门外,政府管制改革需要新视角和新思路。文章引入可竞争市场理论,从加强沉淀成本管理角度分析不同性质自然垄断行业的政府管制,旨在促进民间资本的有效进入。其中,准自然垄断行业管制的重点是消除人为制造的沉淀成本,并通过相关政策完善行业环境,降低沉淀成本,而完全自然垄断行业管制的重点是隔离沉淀成本和通过间接竞争、比较竞争减少沉淀成本。     

政府购买服务与社会组织发展的互动关系研究

随着我国经济的发展和居民生活水平的提高,社会公众开始需要更加有效和更加多样化的公共服务。为了适应这一发展需要,我国的政府提出了转变政府职能的改革思路,通过政府购买服务的方式,将过去由政府直接提供的公共服务交由更有效率的社会组织来承担。而本文的研究就是针对政府购买服务与社会组织发展的关系问题,在对政府购买服务和社会组织的内涵进行了梳理之后,从短期合作和长期互动两个角度对政府购买服务和社会组织发展的关系进行分析,在此基础上,本文进一步对我国的政府购买服务和社会组织发展提出相应的政策建议。     

公共环境服务供给模式研究

作为基本公共服务体系的重要构成部分,公共环境服务是政府为全体社会成员提供的环境物品和环境服务的公共活动。目前我国公共环境服务供给中存在供给主体单一、可销售性差、市场化水平低和政府责任缺失等问题。政府应当制定保障性公共服务的最低标准,合理配置公共资源,重构公共环境供给模式,优化环境服务结构,逐步缩小不同区域和不同群体之间的公共环境服务差距,最大限度地克服公共资源分配不公现象,解决公众日益增长的公共环境服务需求和落后的公共环境服务生产和供给能力之间的矛盾,以均等化为目标不断满足社会的公共环境需求。     

The impact of plurilateral trade agreements on developing countries – to participate or not to participate?

In the wake of the impasse in the Doha Development Round of multilateral trade talks, sector-specific plurilateral trade agreements (PTAs) have been gaining traction. However, PTAs mostly appeal to developed countries, with the uptake among developing countries (including least-developed countries) being very limited. This article investigates the factors contributing to such a phenomenon, whether there is indeed merit in developing countries playing a more active role in PTAs and how they might be encouraged to do so. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted with specific attention being given to the effects, on a selection of developing countries, of participation in four PTAs: the Trade in Services Agreement, the Government Procurement Agreement, the Environmental Goods Agreement and the Information Technology Agreement II. Among the findings was that although, according to the qualitative analysis, policymakers are generally disinterested in the four PTAs because they are not aligned to the countries’ economic interests or they threaten policy space, the quantitative analysis revealed that gains could often be made from more active participation in these agreements. This clearly points to a research gap and highlights the need for more in-depth analysis of the potential of PTAs in the developing world.     

Propaganda,effect, and the cold war: Gauging the status of america's “war of words”

The article examines the interrelationship among propaganda, effect, and the Cold War during congressional debates over America's first peacetime propaganda program. Although the rise of the communication research paradigm affected the production of statistical evidence to measure the effectiveness of America's Cold War propaganda, this case study argues that the “war of words” metaphor further heightened the need for empirical proof of America's status in that conflict, Just as with any physical battle that relies on body counts and land measurements to determine the success of America's war efforts, the criteria for measuring the status of America's “war of words” were driven by a similar demand for “objective” proof. The longevity of the Cold War helped ensure the institutionalization of the communication research paradigm, which rejected the use of anecdotal evidence as support for the program's impact.     

行政手段参与宏观调控:实质、特征与原因

宏观调控中的行政手段由非市场化规制和行政监督构成。近年来的宏观调控虽然紧扣市场经济体制初步建立这个历史起点,但行政手段并未如一般理论所预期的那样淡出,反倒有着常态化的表现。行政手段参与宏观调控有其客观原因,在市场经济和相关制度得以完善之前,宏观调控还无法摆脱对于行政手段的依赖,并且针对长久性的需要,行政手段将一直存在下去。加强和改善宏观调控必须考虑这一方面的影响。     

Why should Austria be different from Germany? the two recent nationality reforms in contrast

The article compares and evaluates the two recent reforms of nationality law in Austria and Germany. Before the changes both countries were very similar cases in terms of their nationality and immigration policy. Both relied on strict ‘jus sanguinis’, the principle of descent which is anchored in their nationality laws. One implication of jus sanguinis is that it constantly reproduces ‘new-born’ foreigners, as the only way for foreign residents to obtain national citizenship is via naturalisation. This includes the obligation to renounce any former nationality. In its recent amendment in 2000, Germany has softened the principle of descent by introducing limited ‘jus soli’ with the obligation to opt for one nationality at the age of 23 at the latest. Austria, on the other hand, has stuck to its tradition and introduced restricted reform. The article will outline the context of the two amendments. Why has the outcome been so different although both countries have faced so many similar experiences and circumstances? I will trace the development of both amendments and highlight the backgrounds of these two so contrasting decisions: two different attempts to deal with naturalisation of long-term immigrants and new-born foreigners.