福州晋安河水域浮游微藻种群18SrDNA分析

目的应用分子生物学方法分析浮游微藻18SrDNA序列,分析福州晋安河浮游微藻种群分布。方法在晋安河分段设立11个点采集和水样本,采用优化CTAB法提取水样总DNA,通过PCR技术扩增并对浮游微藻18SrDNA序列进行测序,应用NCBI数据库序列进行比对筛选,分析该河段浮游微藻分布情况。结果筛选出67条浮游微藻序列,11个采样点部分藻类分布存在差异,常见种群为硅藻门藻类占40%,绿藻门藻类占12%,金藻门藻类占43%,原生动物类占5%,其中硅藻和金藻为优势种群。结论晋安河福州市河段内浮游微藻种群分布有一定特征,浮游微藻18SrDNA序列分析可望成为法医学溺水死亡鉴定的新方法。     

Experimental study of the expansion dynamic of 9 mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles in ballistic gelatin

We study in this paper the expanding behaviour of hollow point 9 mm Parabellum projectiles (Hornady XTP(?) and Speer Gold Dot(?)). We defined a deformation rate that takes into account both the diameter increase and the length reduction. We plotted the behaviour of this parameter versus impact velocity (we refer to this curve as the expanding law). This expanding law has been plotted for different gelatin weight ratios and different gelatin block lengths. We completed our experiments with a set of high speed movies in order to correlate the deceleration to the state of expansion and size of the temporary cavity. Our results pointed out that full expansion is reached shortly after the projectile fully penetrates the gelatin. This result shows that the key point to accurately simulate human body interaction with a hollow point projectile is to accurately simulate the interface (skin, skull, clothes thoracic walls). Simulating accurately organs is only an issue if a quantitative comparison between penetration depths is required, but not if we only focus on the state of expansion of the projectile. By varying the gelatin parameters, we discovered that the expanding law exhibits a velocity threshold below which no expansion occurs, followed by a rather linear curve. The parameters of that expanding law (velocity threshold and line slope) vary with the gelatin parameters, but our quantitative results demonstrate that these parameters are not extremely critical. Finally, our experiments demonstrate that the knowledge of the expansion law can be a useful tool to investigate a gunshot in a human body with a semi-jacketed projectile, giving an estimation of the impact velocity and thus the shooting distance.     

我国公共部门绩效管理的历史与发展趋势研究

通过考察我国公共部门绩效管理的不同历史发展时期,发现绩效评估存在不同形式,也受到来自西方"新公共管理运动"的影响。目前,我国绩效评估存在与组织战略目标脱节、实践操作困难、考评结果未能反馈利用等局限,因此,建立健全相关制度保障和配套措施是当务之急。绩效管理要想获得更好地发展,提升组织竞争力,就需要向"学习型组织"转变和加强公民参与力度,从而为公共部门存在提供合法与民主性依据。     

法治立国的两个步骤

中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第四次全体会议提出了全面推进依法治国的路线图,并着重强调了党的领导与社会主义法治的一致性。这种一致性的形成可以从历史和法理的角度阐述。法治只有在特定的社会——经济条件下才能得到奉行,这些条件是国家主权独立和领土完整、国内秩序基本稳定、人民大体上免于衣食之忧、传统的等级秩序已被打破而新的阶层区分并非牢不可破等等。中国共产党很长一段时间都是在领导人民创造这些条件。而在这些条件已然具备的今天,领导建设法治社会当然便成了党在新的历史时期的重要工作。     

An immunohistochemical study of basic fibroblast growth factor in early acute myocardial ischemia

With the use of immunohistochemistry, the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in early acute myocardial ischemia of rats was studied. It was observed that there was an initial (30 min) rise in bFGF expression in limited ischemic myocardium areas and perimyocardial ischemia areas. The grade of expression of bFGF increased with the continuation of ischemia. The results of image analysis and statistical process suggested that the expression of bFGF reach a high level in ischemic myocardial areas after three hour's of ischemia, significantly higher than in control group and in group B1, but no significant difference in pericardial ischemia areas and normal areas of the same group. In summary, early acute myocardial ischemia is accompanied by rapid and prolonged increase in expression of bFGF with characteristic spatial and temporal kinetic. This finding suggests that the immunohistochemical staining of bFGF provide objective morphologic evidence for the diagnosis of early myocardial ischemia.     

Principal-Agency Theory in Illegal Markets: Cooperation and Conflict Among Chinese Loansharks

There are management and organizational problems common to both legal and illegal businesses, such as moving one party to act in the interest of another rather than his own. In principal-agency theory, the party that wants someone else to do a job on his behalf is called the “principal” and the other party is called the “agent”. Principal-agency theory tries to find solutions to real and potential conflicts that arise from such transactional arrangements. We believe principal-agency theory has great potentials for understanding the operation and interpersonal relationships of criminal enterprises, in addition to the structural arrangements (e.g., a disorganized crime market) and the social network perspectives. Using a case study of Chinese loan sharking and cannabis cultivation in the Netherlands, we seek to make a theoretical contribution to existing literature on organized crime by focusing on how different individuals within a criminal enterprise negotiate the most efficient transactional arrangement in a principal-agent relationship amidst the uncertainties of an illicit market environment. We specifically look at four phases of the criminal enterprise studied: the selection of agents by the principal, attempts to bind these agents to the principal, potential conflicts and finally the solution of any problems. Incidentally, our study also gives insight in the less well-researched topic of loansharking.     

试析创立安徽大学堂的两份奏折

光绪二十二年（1896）安徽巡抚邓华熙以及光绪二十八年（1902）安徽巡抚王之春向光绪皇帝所上的关于创办求是学堂和安徽大学堂的两份奏折,一直未能引起有关学者的重视。细微探讨和剖析这两份奏折．将有助于从源头上了解安徽大学在创办之初的原因及其艰辛历程,对更清晰地透视安徽教育和社会的近代化,当不无裨益。     

高职院校校名英译研究

本文对我国100所国家示范性高职院校英文校名进行分析,并试图从“翻译单位”和“零翻译”的视角,用实证对比的方法,借鉴英美等国类似的校名,对我国高职院校英文校名的规范化问题进行探讨。     

交汇·互动·交锋——2007年中国文坛热点问题述评

2007年中国文坛状况可以从"80后"作家崛起、自我言说成底层叙事主流、网络文学制度创新、神话重述表现民族志式书写雄心、海外汉学对中国当代文学的总体评判等角度进行归纳,"80后"作家加入作协、打工文学出现新格局、起点中文网作家群、神话重述三文本、诗歌的行为艺术化、顾彬评中国当代文学等热点事件构成了2007年中国文坛的图谱,2007年中国文坛展现出边缘和主流交汇、中外批评界交锋、文学创作和理论批评互动、文学新媒介创生的内在发展机理等特点.     

中国古代为什么有重视历史的传统

中国古代重视历史的传统,在世界上绝无仅有.从殷商至满清洗如烟海的史料中,史官记载了历朝帝王及当时社会的史实.甚至下至社会多个层面,均重视历史的记载与评论.中国古代之所以重视历史,盖固帝王的"群权神授"与敬畏无常使然;但帝王中世有窥视本朝史官记载历史的例子,如庙太宗.孔子则开创了历史服从于传统的先河.纵观历史,新建立的朝代均将为前朝修史作为国家政治的大事,足见历史影响社会的巨大作用.