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Finite mixture models have become increasingly prevalent in criminology over the past two decades. Yet there is no consensus
about the appropriate criterion for model selection with finite mixture specifications. In this paper, we use simulation evidence
to examine model selection criteria. Our focus is on mixture models for event count data like those often encountered in criminology.
We use two indices to measure model selection performance. First, we examine how often each criterion chooses the correct
specification. Then, we investigate how closely the finite mixture models selected by these criteria approximate the true
mixing distribution used to simulate the event count data. We consider three sets of simulations. In the first set, the underlying
model is itself a three component Poisson-based finite mixture model. In the two other sets of simulations, the underlying
distribution of the Poisson rate parameter follows a continuous distribution. The analysis shows that both AIC and BIC perform
well under certain sets of circumstances likely to be encountered by criminologists.
相似文献
Daniel S. NaginEmail: |
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Over a period of 4 years (1997–2000), British Columbia (BC) experienced tremendous growth in the illicit production and distribution
of domestically grown marijuana. By the close of 2000, each policing jurisdiction in BC had adopted a particular policy in
response to grow operation proliferation. In summary, four policy responses were noted. First, some maintained the status
quo wherein enforcement of police initiated investigations and citizens’ tips continued, but with no additional resources
specifically dedicated to grow operations. Second, some jurisdictions suspended the majority of investigation and enforcement
of grow operations. Third, some agencies implemented or reinforced existing resource intensive drug squads, which focused
on trafficking, sales and production of all types of drugs. Finally, some of the jurisdictions formed specialized tactical
units known as “green teams” that focused solely on the enforcement of marijuana production. In this paper, we evaluate the
effectiveness of green teams using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and difference-in-difference estimates. The results
indicate that green teams decrease grow operations within their target area without significant displacement to surrounding
areas.
相似文献
George E. TitaEmail: |
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This paper exploits uniquely detailed data and cross-institution variation in aid for three large public universities to identify
the effects of aid on the probability of college graduation. The results indicate that need-based and merit-based aid both
increase graduation rates at large public institutions, but primarily through the types of students that ‘select’ these institutions.
Merit-based aid facilitates an institution attracting students who have higher observed academic ability that raises the probability
of graduation. Need-based aid enables an institution to attract students with non-academic attributes such as social and cultural
networks that, while often unobserved, improve graduation success. Broadly, our results suggest that recent aid policy that
has moved away from need-based aid for low-income students (reducing their ability to find the best institutional match) and
toward merit-based aid (that alters the distribution of high ability students across colleges) could foster stagnant graduation
rates even with rising enrollment rates that have been observed over the last three decades.
相似文献
Mark Stater (Corresponding author)Email: |
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Worley CG Wiltshire SS Miller TC Havrilla GJ Majidi V 《Journal of forensic sciences》2006,51(1):57-63
Using micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF), a novel means of detecting fingerprints was examined in which the prints were imaged based on their elemental composition. MXRF is a nondestructive technique. Although this method requires a priori knowledge about the approximate location of a print, it offers a new and complementary means for detecting fingerprints that are also left pristine for further analysis (including potential DNA extraction) or archiving purposes. Sebaceous fingerprints and those made after perspiring were detected based on elements such as potassium and chlorine present in the print residue. Unique prints were also detected including those containing lotion, saliva, banana, or sunscreen. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for visualizing fingerprints by MXRF on surfaces that can be problematic using current methods. 相似文献