Y chromosome STR haplotypes in three UK populations

Eleven Y chromosome short tandem repeat markers: DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439, have been typed in the three main UK population groups: Caucasians, Afro-Caribbeans and South Asians. Existing PCR reactions were adapted to incorporate DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439. The observed 11 loci haplotypes and the individual allele frequencies for each locus are presented. Distinct differences for most markers were observed between the population groups studied.     

量刑规范化试点工作的调查与思考——以北仑法院的实践为例

量刑规范化是人民法院"三五改革纲要"确定的重要司法改革项目。为了能高效、高质地推动量刑规范化工作的进展,北仑法院成立了专门的课题组,就如何在我国现有的司法体制和诉讼机制框架内进一步推动量刑活动规范化的试点工作进行了关注与跟踪,在充分积累经验及综合分析的基础上形成了如下调研报告。     

我国检警关系的现状与重构

在我国,检警追诉犯罪职责的一致性决定了检警之间的合作关系,检察官的法律监督的职能决定了检警之间的监督关系。从理论上看,刑诉法对这二者关系的规定存在值得商榷的地方,从司法实践来看,这种合作与监督的关系相处得并不理想。因此,如何在现有检警机制下解决好二者之间的合作与监督关系,是一个值得探讨的问题。     

A comparison of instruments for assessing competency to stand trial

The present study compared two instruments for assessing competency to stand trial, The Competency Screening Test and a revised version of The Georgia Court Competency Test. in a sample of 140 defendants admitted to the forensic unit of a state hospital for court-ordered pretrial evaluation. Scores on the tests were used to predict staff decisions about competency. Correlates of scores on the two tests also were examined. The tests were highly correlated with one another and with the decisions of forensic examiners. Although neither of these instruments should provide the sole basis for competency decisions, both may be useful components of a comprehensive program of competency evaluation.Portions of this paper were presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., August, 1986.     

浅议独立董事制度之构建

独立董事源于美国公司法人治理机构实践的一项创新 ,后来逐渐为世界上大部分国家的公司法人所接受。鉴于我国公司的现状 ,笔者认为要按照我国公司股权结构的特点引入独立董事制度 ,从而维护全体股东和整个社会的权益。     

Results of a collaborative study of the EDNAP group regarding the reproducibility and robustness of the Y-chromosome STRs DYS19, DYS389 I and II, DYS390 and DYS393 in a PCR pentaplex format

A collaborative exercise was carried out by the European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP) in the frame work of the STADNAP program, i.e. standardization of DNA profiling in Europe, in order to evaluate the performance of a Y-chromosome STR pentaplex, which includes the loci DYS19, DYS389 I and II, DYS390 and DYS393 and to determine whether uniformity of results could be achieved among different European laboratories.Laboratories were asked to analyze the five Y-STRs using singleplex and multiplex conditions in three bloodstains and one mixed stain (95% female and 5% male).All the laboratories reported the same results even for the mixed stain included in the exercise. This demonstrates the reproducibility and robustness of Y-chromosome STR typing even with multiplex formats and proves the usefulness of Y-STR systems for analyzing mixed stains with a male component.A total of 930 male samples from 10 different populations from Europe were also analysed for all the loci included in the pentaplex. Eight of these ten populations also included haplotype data.As for single gene analysis, haplotype diversity was higher in Germany and Italy and lower in Western European countries and Finland.Pairwise haplotype analysis shows the Finnish departure from the rest of the populations and a relatively homogeneity in the other European populations with F(ST) estimates lower than 0.05.UPGMA analysis shows an association of Western European population (Ireland, UK, Portugal and Galicia) on the one hand and central European populations on the other.     

The personal impact of delivering a one-to-one treatment programme with high-risk sexual offenders: Therapists' experiences

Abstract

Previous research suggests that delivering treatment for sexual offenders can have both positive and negative effects on therapists. We know less about the specific impact of conducting such work in different ways; for example, individually rather than in groups. This study aimed to explore the experiences of sexual offender therapists delivering a one-to-one programme with clients. Eleven therapists delivering an individual intervention with high-risk sexual offenders in English prisons took part in interviews and focus groups about the impact this work has had upon them. One participant also completed a diary charting their experiences while delivering the intervention. Content analysis identified that participants felt they experienced changes in how they viewed themselves, others and the therapeutic relationship, in both positive and negative ways. They also described experiencing intrusive thinking and feeling overly responsible for the outcome of treatment. However, positive effects were also identified. Findings suggest that the provision of structured supervisory support was particularly key in mitigating the impact of treatment delivery.